A lithographic printing plate precursor has an image-recording layer on a hydrophilic support, wherein the image-recording layer includes a polymer particle including an addition polymerization resin having a hydrophilic structure and a crosslinking structure. A method for producing a lithographic printing plate uses the lithographic printing plate precursor. A polymer particle includes an addition polymerization resin having a hydrophilic structure and a crosslinking structure. A composition includes the polymer particle.

Disclosed is preparation of a freestanding ion gel having high stability and high ionic conductivity based on surface-activity ionic liquids. Further, disclosed is a solid electrolyte using the ion gel. A method for preparing the freestanding ion gel include mixing a surface-activity ionic liquid having an alkyl group having 8 or greater carbon atoms, a crosslinking agent, water and oil with each other to form a bicontinuous microemulsion mixture; ii) adding an initiator to the mixture; and iii) curing the mixture using ultraviolet (UV) or thermal energy to form a freestanding ion gel.

The present invention provides: a water-soluble film that is superior in cold water solubility and in practical properties such as strength and stiffness and that can resist deterioration in various properties such as chemical resistance over time; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol used for the water-soluble film. The present invention relates to a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.05 to 10 mol % of a monomer unit having two carboxyl groups. In .sup.1H-NMR spectroscopy of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, an integral (X) from 6.8 to 7.2 ppm and an integral (Y) from 5.3 to 5.5 ppm satisfy the following expression:

0.60≦X/(X+Y)<1.0.

The present invention provides: a water-soluble film that is superior in cold water solubility and in practical properties such as strength and stiffness and that can resist deterioration in various properties such as chemical resistance over time; and a modified polyvinyl alcohol used for the water-soluble film. The present invention relates to a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.05 to 10 mol % of a monomer unit having two carboxyl groups. In .sup.1H-NMR spectroscopy of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, an integral (X) from 6.8 to 7.2 ppm and an integral (Y) from 5.3 to 5.5 ppm satisfy the following expression:

0.60≦X/(X+Y)<1.0.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a methacrylic resin composition having excellent surface processability and displaying excellent preservability of formed surface processing. A method for manufacturing a methacrylic resin composition, wherein the methacrylic resin composition comprises two or more types of methacrylic resins that each have a structural unit (X) having the same type of cyclic structure-containing main chain, the methacrylic resin composition has a Vicat softening temperature of 120° C. to 160° C., methanol-soluble content is contained in an amount of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass %, in total, of the methanol-soluble content and methanol-insoluble content, comprising mixing a low molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a methacrylic resin composition having excellent surface processability and displaying excellent preservability of formed surface processing. A method for manufacturing a methacrylic resin composition, wherein the methacrylic resin composition comprises two or more types of methacrylic resins that each have a structural unit (X) having the same type of cyclic structure-containing main chain, the methacrylic resin composition has a Vicat softening temperature of 120° C. to 160° C., methanol-soluble content is contained in an amount of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass %, in total, of the methanol-soluble content and methanol-insoluble content, comprising mixing a low molecular weight component and a high molecular weight component.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.

Controlled radical initiators, reaction mixtures containing the controlled radical initiators and various ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polymeric materials formed from the reaction mixtures, crosslinkable compositions containing the polymeric materials, crosslinked compositions formed from the crosslinkable compositions, and various articles are provided. The controlled radical initiators are bis-dithiocarbamate or bis-dithiocarbonate compounds having a carbonyl group between the two dithiocarbamate or dithiocarbonate groups.