Treating a subterranean formation with a composition including a maleic anhydride copolymer, an amine crosslinker, and a gelling agent. The maleic anhydride copolymer includes first repeat units I and II and at least one of second repeat units III and IV: ##STR00001##
where each R.sup.1 is independently-H, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl; each R.sup.2 is independently-H, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl; each R.sup.3 is independently OH or O.sup.M.sup.1, each M.sup.1 is independently an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an ammonium ion, or a quaternary ammonium ion; and each R.sup.4 is independently-NH.sub.2 or OM.sup.1. The gelling agent includes at least one of: a calcium chelating agent, a calcium precipitating agent, a pH buffer, an agent reactive with hydroxide, and an acid generating agent, and promotes formation of a gel from the maleic anhydride copolymer and the amine crosslinker in contact with set cement.

Treating a subterranean formation with a composition including a maleic anhydride copolymer, an amine crosslinker, and a gelling agent. The maleic anhydride copolymer includes first repeat units I and II and at least one of second repeat units III and IV: ##STR00001##
where each R.sup.1 is independently-H, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl; each R.sup.2 is independently-H, O(C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-C.sub.5) alkyl; each R.sup.3 is independently OH or O.sup.M.sup.1, each M.sup.1 is independently an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, an ammonium ion, or a quaternary ammonium ion; and each R.sup.4 is independently-NH.sub.2 or OM.sup.1. The gelling agent includes at least one of: a calcium chelating agent, a calcium precipitating agent, a pH buffer, an agent reactive with hydroxide, and an acid generating agent, and promotes formation of a gel from the maleic anhydride copolymer and the amine crosslinker in contact with set cement.

A process for preparing aqueous dispersions of polymers containing oxazoline groups, by aqueous emulsion polymerization initiated by free radicals. The polymerization are carried out in two stages. In the first polymerization stage, an ,-monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one acid group, an monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group are copolymerized. In the second polymerization stage, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one oxazoline group, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group and an ethylenically unsaturated compound are copolymerized with the final product from the first polymerization stage.

A process for preparing aqueous dispersions of polymers containing oxazoline groups, by aqueous emulsion polymerization initiated by free radicals. The polymerization are carried out in two stages. In the first polymerization stage, an ,-monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one acid group, an monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group are copolymerized. In the second polymerization stage, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one oxazoline group, a monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one carboxylic acid amide group and an ethylenically unsaturated compound are copolymerized with the final product from the first polymerization stage.

Disclosed are materials having an antifouling and a biocidal property. The materials include a polyvinylchloride plastic covalently linked to a polymer, where the polymer includes an antifouling component and a biocidal component.

Disclosed are materials having an antifouling and a biocidal property. The materials include a polyvinylchloride plastic covalently linked to a polymer, where the polymer includes an antifouling component and a biocidal component.

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a resin having a repeating unit having a group in which a phenolic hydroxyl group is protected with an acid-leaving group; a first photoacid generator that generates an acid having a pKa of 2.00 to 2.00, in which in a case where the acid thus generated is a carboxylic acid, a pKa of the carboxylic acid is 2.00 or more and less than 1.00; and a second photoacid generator that generates a carboxylic acid having a pKa of 1.00 or more.

An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a resin having a repeating unit having a group in which a phenolic hydroxyl group is protected with an acid-leaving group; a first photoacid generator that generates an acid having a pKa of 2.00 to 2.00, in which in a case where the acid thus generated is a carboxylic acid, a pKa of the carboxylic acid is 2.00 or more and less than 1.00; and a second photoacid generator that generates a carboxylic acid having a pKa of 1.00 or more.

A resist composition comprising an iodized base polymer and an iodized benzene ring-containing quencher has a high sensitivity and improved LWR and CDU.

A resist composition comprising an iodized base polymer and an iodized benzene ring-containing quencher has a high sensitivity and improved LWR and CDU.