Systems and methods for monitoring and/or controlling anti-scalant concentration. The systems may include components that form an automated control loop. The methods may be online methods that allow the concentration of an anti-scalant to be monitors in a fluid treatment system, such as a water treatment system.

A propylene copolymer, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof are provided. The copolymer forms a cross-linked network by means of a reaction between a furan-containing propylene copolymer and a small molecule of a coupling agent, thereby achieving a chemical bond connection between a polypropylene resin phase and an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer phase, fundamentally strengthening the force between the two phases, and improving the mechanical properties of a material. Meanwhile, the copolymer can achieve the decrosslinking of a material during melt processing such that the material has thermoplasticity, and after cooling, it can be crosslinked again to produce network structure.

A propylene copolymer, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof are provided. The copolymer forms a cross-linked network by means of a reaction between a furan-containing propylene copolymer and a small molecule of a coupling agent, thereby achieving a chemical bond connection between a polypropylene resin phase and an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer phase, fundamentally strengthening the force between the two phases, and improving the mechanical properties of a material. Meanwhile, the copolymer can achieve the decrosslinking of a material during melt processing such that the material has thermoplasticity, and after cooling, it can be crosslinked again to produce network structure.

A propylene copolymer, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof are provided. The copolymer forms a cross-linked network by means of a reaction between a furan-containing propylene copolymer and a small molecule of a coupling agent, thereby achieving a chemical bond connection between a polypropylene resin phase and an ethylene-propylene copolymer elastomer phase, fundamentally strengthening the force between the two phases, and improving the mechanical properties of a material. Meanwhile, the copolymer can achieve the decrosslinking of a material during melt processing such that the material has thermoplasticity, and after cooling, it can be crosslinked again to produce network structure.

The present invention provides a curable compound including a pigment, a compound A, a photopolymerization initiator, a curable compound other than the compound A, and a resin, in which a content of the compound A in a total solid content of the curable composition is 1 to 15 mass %. The compound A is a compound having each of a coloring agent partial structure, an acid group or a basic group, and a curable group. The present invention further provides a method for producing the curable composition, a film formed of the curable composition, a color filter, a method for manufacturing a color filter, a solid-state imaging element, and an image display device.

The present invention provides a curable compound including a pigment, a compound A, a photopolymerization initiator, a curable compound other than the compound A, and a resin, in which a content of the compound A in a total solid content of the curable composition is 1 to 15 mass %. The compound A is a compound having each of a coloring agent partial structure, an acid group or a basic group, and a curable group. The present invention further provides a method for producing the curable composition, a film formed of the curable composition, a color filter, a method for manufacturing a color filter, a solid-state imaging element, and an image display device.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt of a fluorinated sulfonic acid having a phenylene group which is substituted with an iodized phenyl-containing group and a nitro group is provided. The resist composition has a high sensitivity and forms a pattern with improved LWR or CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt of a fluorinated sulfonic acid having a phenylene group which is substituted with an iodized phenyl-containing group and a nitro group is provided. The resist composition has a high sensitivity and forms a pattern with improved LWR or CDU, independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Additives for three-dimensional build materials or inks are described herein which, in some embodiments, can impart one or more structural enhancements to articles printed from the build materials. In one aspect, a polymerizable liquid comprises at least one additive including a plurality of cyclopolymerizable functionalities separated by an aliphatic linker or alkylene oxide linker.

Additives for three-dimensional build materials or inks are described herein which, in some embodiments, can impart one or more structural enhancements to articles printed from the build materials. In one aspect, a polymerizable liquid comprises at least one additive including a plurality of cyclopolymerizable functionalities separated by an aliphatic linker or alkylene oxide linker.