Described herein are facile, one-step initiated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (iPECVD) methods of synthesizing hyper-thin (e.g., sub-100 nm) and flexible metal organic covalent network (MOCN) layers. As an example, the MOCN may be made from zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) building units. When deposited on a membrane support, the MOCN layers demonstrate gas separation exceeding the upper bounds for multiple gas pairs while reducing the flux as compared to the support alone.

Described herein are facile, one-step initiated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (iPECVD) methods of synthesizing hyper-thin (e.g., sub-100 nm) and flexible metal organic covalent network (MOCN) layers. As an example, the MOCN may be made from zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) building units. When deposited on a membrane support, the MOCN layers demonstrate gas separation exceeding the upper bounds for multiple gas pairs while reducing the flux as compared to the support alone.

This maleimide-based copolymer contains 40-60 mass % of aromatic vinyl monomer units, 5-20 mass % of vinyl cyanide monomer units, and 35-50 mass % of maleimide monomer units, and is such that a 4 mass % tetrahydrofuran solution of the copolymer has a transmittance of 90% or more for light having a wavelength of 450 nm at an optical path length of 10 mm, and the residual maleimide-based monomer amount is less than 300 ppm. This maleimide-based copolymer preferably further contains 0-10 mass % of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride monomer units, and preferably has a glass transition temperature of 165 C. or higher.

This maleimide-based copolymer contains 40-60 mass % of aromatic vinyl monomer units, 5-20 mass % of vinyl cyanide monomer units, and 35-50 mass % of maleimide monomer units, and is such that a 4 mass % tetrahydrofuran solution of the copolymer has a transmittance of 90% or more for light having a wavelength of 450 nm at an optical path length of 10 mm, and the residual maleimide-based monomer amount is less than 300 ppm. This maleimide-based copolymer preferably further contains 0-10 mass % of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride monomer units, and preferably has a glass transition temperature of 165 C. or higher.

A polymer, a thickening agent, and a preparation method therefor are provided. The polymer contains structural units of formula (1), formula (2), of formula (3), and of formula (4). The thickening agent contains the polymer and has instant solubility. It can be used for thickening slickwater, a glue solution, a cross-linked fracturing fluid and an acid solution having different viscosities, which improves compatibility between different fracturing fluids. Various fracturing fluid systems prepared by using the thickening agent have good temperature resistance, shearing resistance, sand-carrying performance, and a slow speed.

A polymer, a thickening agent, and a preparation method therefor are provided. The polymer contains structural units of formula (1), formula (2), of formula (3), and of formula (4). The thickening agent contains the polymer and has instant solubility. It can be used for thickening slickwater, a glue solution, a cross-linked fracturing fluid and an acid solution having different viscosities, which improves compatibility between different fracturing fluids. Various fracturing fluid systems prepared by using the thickening agent have good temperature resistance, shearing resistance, sand-carrying performance, and a slow speed.

Described herein are facile, one-step initiated plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (iPECVD) methods of synthesizing hyper-thin (e.g., sub-100 nm) and flexible metal organic covalent network (MOCN) layers. As an example, the MOCN may be made from zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) building units. When deposited on a membrane support, the MOCN layers demonstrate gas separation exceeding the upper bounds for multiple gas pairs while reducing the flux as compared to the support alone.

It is an object to provide a method for efficiently producing an N-alkylmaleimide-based polymer that has an excellent optical characteristic, excellent heat resistance, and excellent mechanical strength. A method for producing an N-alkylmaleimide-based polymer in accordance with an aspect of the present invention includes using an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator to carry out suspension polymerization, in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of a nonionic compound having no hydrogen bonded to oxygen or nitrogen, a polyacrylate salt, and a polyalkylene glycol, with respect to a monomer mixture consisting of 20% by weight to 100% by weight of N-alkylmaleimide and 0% by weight to 80% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers, the N-alkylmaleimide being represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R represents a C1-C12 linear alkyl group, a C3-C12 branched alkyl group, or a C3-C6 cyclic alkyl group.

It is an object to provide a method for efficiently producing an N-alkylmaleimide-based polymer that has an excellent optical characteristic, excellent heat resistance, and excellent mechanical strength. A method for producing an N-alkylmaleimide-based polymer in accordance with an aspect of the present invention includes using an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator to carry out suspension polymerization, in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one dispersant selected from the group consisting of a nonionic compound having no hydrogen bonded to oxygen or nitrogen, a polyacrylate salt, and a polyalkylene glycol, with respect to a monomer mixture consisting of 20% by weight to 100% by weight of N-alkylmaleimide and 0% by weight to 80% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers, the N-alkylmaleimide being represented by the following general formula (1):

##STR00001##

where R represents a C1-C12 linear alkyl group, a C3-C12 branched alkyl group, or a C3-C6 cyclic alkyl group.

The present invention provides black particles that have high electrical insulation and that can achieve high blackness in the visible light region, as well as a black coating material, a coating film, and a black matrix for a color filter each containing the black particles. Provided are black particles containing a copolymer including a structural unit derived from a pyrrole compound and a structural unit derived from a quinone compound, the black particles having an aqueous dispersion number average particle size of 100 nm or less and a zeta potential of 5 mV or less.