Disclosed is a polybenzoxazime precursor and a method of preparing the same. The polybenzoxazime precursor is used to prepare a hardened material having improved thermal characteristics, having high thermal and flame-retardant characteristics while maintaining its excellent electrical characteristics, or having high thermal and electrical characteristics, thus being available for use in a copper clad laminate, a semiconductor encapsulate, a printed circuit board, an adhesive, a paint, and a mold.

Provided is a dopant with which a conductor material having high electrical conductivity can be formed. The present disclosure relates to a dopant containing a radical cation represented by Formula (1) and a counter anion. In Formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group or a group represented by Formula (r). at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is a group represented by Formula (r), and n indicates the valence of the radical cation and is equal to the quantity (n) of nitrogen atoms in the formula. In Formula (r), Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a divalent aromatic group, and Ar.sup.4, Ar.sup.5, Ar.sup.6, and Ar.sup.7 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group optionally having a substituent represented by Formula (sb) below. Furthermore, m and n may be the same or different, and each represents an integer of 0 or greater. ##STR00001##

Disclosed are compositions of electroactive polymers (EAPs) having improved performance stability. In the EAP compositions, a cross-linked polymer is deposited onto the surface of the EAP by vapor-deposition methods. Upon contact with an aqueous solution (e.g., an aqueous electrolyte solution), the vapor-deposited polymeric network becomes a hydrogel that encapsulates the EAPs. By modulating precursors and vapor deposition conditions, the mesh size of the resultant hydrogel coatings can be controlled to accommodate the key species that interact with the EAPs.

The present embodiment provides a material for forming an underlayer film for lithography, containing at least any of a compound represented by following formula (1) or a resin including a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the following formula (1),

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a 2n-valent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or a single bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents a halogen atom, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group, a hydroxyl group, or a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, and may be the same or different in the same naphthalene ring or benzene ring, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group where a hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acid-dissociable group, n is an integer of 1 to 4, and structural formulae of n structural units in square brackets [ ] may be the same or different when n is an integer of 2 or more, X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each m.sup.2 is independently an integer of 0 to 7, provided that at least one m.sup.2 is an integer of 1 to 7, and each q is independently 0 or 1.

Described herein are heterocyclic organic compounds. More specifically, described herein are compounds based on the combination of fused pyrrole structures with diketopyrrolopyrrole structures, methods for making these compounds, and uses thereof. The compounds disclosed have improved electronic, polymerization and stability properties that allow for improved material processability and inclusion in organic semiconductor devices.

The invention provides compositions and methods for cytosolic delivery of peptides and antigens as well as concomitant delivery of antigens and agonists via poly-norbornene-based protein transduction domain mimics.

The invention provides compositions and methods for cytosolic delivery of peptides and antigens as well as concomitant delivery of antigens and agonists via poly-norbornene-based protein transduction domain mimics.

A material for forming a film for a semiconductor provides a film having excellent heat resistance and solvent resistance. It contains: a compound represented by general formula (I) and having at least one reactive group, or a polymer including, as a monomer, a compound represented by general formula (I) below and having at least one reactive group; and a solvent. In the formula, A represents a hydrocarbon ring having 6 carbon atoms, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each represent an aryl group having 6-30 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a reactive group or a group having a reactive group. R.sup.1-R.sup.4 and R.sup.6-R.sup.9 each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1-20 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a reactive group or a group having a reactive group. R.sup.5 and R.sup.10 each represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1-20 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by a reactive group.

##STR00001##

Provided is a resin composition comprising 50 to 80 wt % of a norbornene-based polymer, and 20 to 50 wt % of a hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, a content of a low-molecular-weight component having a molecular weight of 1000 or less in the resin composition being 3 wt % or less, in which the hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer is an aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene block copolymer having a styrene content of 40 wt % or more, or a block copolymer that includes an aromatic vinyl compound-based polymer block and an isobutylene-based polymer block having a styrene content of 15 wt % or more. Also, a medical drug container that shows very low protein adsorption with the passage of time is produced using such a resin composition.

The present invention provides a stress measuring method including: irradiating a photoelastic product including a measurement subject with light penetrating a linear polarizing film and a phase difference film in this order, and detecting reflected light from the product which is derived from the light via the phase difference film and the linear polarizing film in this order, in which in-plane retardation Re (550) of the phase difference film with light having a wavelength of 550 nm satisfies 100 nmRe (550 nm)700 nm, and in-plane retardation Re (450) of the phase difference film with light having a wavelength of 450 nm satisfies Re (450)/Re (550)0.9, a stress measuring member including the linear polarizing film and the phase difference film, and a stress measuring set including the stress measuring member and a stress displaying member including a photoelastic layer.