A method for manufacturing a fiber reinforced composite by means of a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, comprising the steps of placing a fiber material in a mold, placing a flow distribution medium onto the fiber material, and covering the fiber material (1) and the flow distribution medium with a vacuum foil for forming a closed mold cavity between the mold and the vacuum foil is described. It is characterized in using a flow distribution medium with a thickness depending on a pressure gradient over the vacuum foil.

A method for manufacturing a fiber reinforced composite by means of a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, comprising the steps of placing a fiber material in a mold, placing a flow distribution medium onto the fiber material, and covering the fiber material (1) and the flow distribution medium with a vacuum foil for forming a closed mold cavity between the mold and the vacuum foil is described. It is characterized in using a flow distribution medium with a thickness depending on a pressure gradient over the vacuum foil.

The invention relates to the use of a branched polyester having an average of at least 2.8 terminal groups as additive for a curable pre-polymer composition, wherein the branched polyester acts as de-foaming agent.

This invention is based upon the discovery that micronized solution styrene-butadiene rubber from postconsumer sources can be included in rubber formulations without severely compromising abrasion resistance. The micronized solution styrene-butadiene rubber utilized in the rubber formulations of this invention can be made by cryogenic grinding postconsumer rubber products using conventional procedures. For instance, it can be made by cryogenically grinding a tire tread containing a high level of solution styrene-butadiene rubber. The micronized solution styrene-butadiene rubber can then be blending into desired virgin rubbers and cured without significantly compromising the abrasion resistance of the rubber formulation. The rubber formulation of this invention is comprised of a natural or synthetic rubber and from 1 weight percent to 30 weight percent of a micronized rubber composition containing at least 10 weight percent solution styrene-butadiene rubber and having a particle size of 40 mesh to 200 mesh.

Described as one aspect of the invention are polyester compositions containing: (I) at least one polyester which comprises: (a) a dicarboxylic acid component comprising: (i) 70 to 100 mole % of terephthalic acid residues; (ii) 0 to 30 mole % of aromatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 20 carbon atoms; and (iii) 0 to 10 mole % of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid residues having up to 16 carbon atoms; and (b) a glycol component comprising: (i) 1 to 99 mole % of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol residues; and (ii) 1 to 99 mole % of cyclohexanedimethanol residues; and (II) at least one thermal stabilizer chosen from at least one of alkyl phosphate esters, aryl phosphate esters, mixed alkyl aryl phosphate esters, reaction products thereof, and mixtures thereof;
wherein the total mole % of the dicarboxylic acid component is 100 mole %, and
wherein the total mole % of the glycol component is 100 mole %.

A method of sealing an end of a polymer with a carbodiimide compound without liberating an isocyanate compound. A compound including a cyclic structure having one carbodiimide group whose first nitrogen and second nitrogen are bonded together by a bond group is used as an end-sealing agent for the polymer.

The present invention concerns an optical fibre comprising: an optical waveguide comprising a glass core surrounded by a glass cladding; a coating surrounding said optical waveguide comprising a cured polymer material comprising a polyester obtained by esterification of: a reactant A selected from an acid, a triglyceride, or a mixture of triglycerides having a C.sub.16-C.sub.24 aliphatic chain comprising at least two conjugated double bonds; and a polyol made of at least one monomer comprising at least 3 hydroxyl groups, the polyol being thermally stable up to 300° C. (reactant B). The present invention concerns also the above said polyester coating, a method for coating an optical fibre with said polyester coating and a method for obtaining predetermined mechanical properties of a coating for an optical fibre. The cured polymer forming the coating can be prepared by curing the polyester of the invention either thermally or by radiation.

The present invention concerns an optical fibre comprising: an optical waveguide comprising a glass core surrounded by a glass cladding; a coating surrounding said optical waveguide comprising a cured polymer material comprising a polyester obtained by esterification of: a reactant A selected from an acid, a triglyceride, or a mixture of triglycerides having a C.sub.16-C.sub.24 aliphatic chain comprising at least two conjugated double bonds; and a polyol made of at least one monomer comprising at least 3 hydroxyl groups, the polyol being thermally stable up to 300° C. (reactant B). The present invention concerns also the above said polyester coating, a method for coating an optical fibre with said polyester coating and a method for obtaining predetermined mechanical properties of a coating for an optical fibre. The cured polymer forming the coating can be prepared by curing the polyester of the invention either thermally or by radiation.

A protective film forming composition forms a flat film having good mask function against a wet etching liquid during a semiconductor substrate processing, high dry etching rate and good coverage of a substrate with level difference, while having small film thickness difference after embedding. A protective film is produced using this composition. A substrate has a resist pattern. A method produces a semiconductor device. A composition forms a protective film against a wet etching liquid for semiconductors, containing a solvent and a ring-opened polymer (C) obtained by reaction between a diepoxy compound (A) and a bi- or higher functional proton-generating compound (B). The ring-opened polymer (C) is preferably represented by a unit structure of formula (A-1). (In formula (A-1), Q represents a divalent organic group generated by the diepoxy compound (A) ring-opening polymerization; and T represents a divalent organic group derived from the bi- or higher functional proton-generating compound (B)).

A random copolymer compound of (A) a polyphenylene ether resin having phenolic hydroxy groups at both ends, (B) an aliphatic polymer having alcoholic hydroxy groups at both ends, and (C) an acid dichloride compound that is a binder is disclosed, wherein the number of mol a of the (A) polyphenylene ether resin, the number of mol b of the (B) aliphatic polymer, and the number of mol c of the (C) acid dichloride compound that is a binder satisfies the relationship (a+b)>c.