A method for separating hemicellulose and lignin from a miscellaneous sugar liquid, in particular a method for separating xylose and lignin from a miscellaneous sugar liquid, is provided. The method solves the problem of lignin carbonization and fouling in the hydrolysis reaction process of the miscellaneous sugar liquid mixed solution. By adding an organic solvent, the lignin separated out in the hydrolysis reaction process is dissolved in the organic solvent component, so the situation that the carbonization and fouling of lignin in a reactor generates substances unfavorable for actual production is avoided. Moreover, the lignin is well protected in the organic solvent, and the lignin obtained in a later period has high reaction activity and excellent performance.

Method for extraction of biomass with water in order to separate hemicelluloses from a fibrous structure. The biomass is impregnated under reduced pressure with the extraction fluid in order to prevent the degradation of the components to be extracted. During extraction the extract is circulated through the fiber matrix in order to remove unwanted components from the extract. The extract is reused for extracting untreated biomass in order to increase the consistency of the extract.

The invention relates to a method for treating lignin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) dissolving lignin into an aqueous composition, which contains a compound selected from the class of phenols, while keeping the temperature of the composition at 0-6° C.; and b) allowing the composition to react while keeping the temperature of the composition at 60-100° C. and the pH of the composition at a pH value of 6-14. The invention relates further to a method for producing a binder composition and to different applications thereof.

In a method and an apparatus for recovering chemicals from an alkaline lignin material, the alkaline lignin material (3) which comprises NaOH or KOH is precipitated in presence of an acid in a precipitation stage (6) for forming a precipitated lignin (7), the precipitated lignin (7) is supplied to a separation stage (8) in which a purified lignin (9) is recovered and from which at least one fraction (10) which comprises Na or K is supplied to a crystallization stage (11), and the fraction (10) which comprises Na or K is treated by crystallization in the crystallization stage (11) for forming a crystallized compound (12). Further, the invention relates to use of the purified lignin, and lignin and chemical products.

A FCC process including the steps of (a) adding a crude lignin oil (CLO) to a FCC unit, wherein the FCC unit has a FCC riser, a catalyst regenerator and a reactor/stripper, wherein CLO is a crude lignin oil composition including lignin and a polar organic solvent in 1:10 to 1:0.3 w/v ratio, (b) optionally adding a second feed including a conventional FCC feedstock to the FCC unit, (c) adding a regenerated catalyst from the regenerator to the FCC riser for catalytic cracking and upgrading the CLO and second feedstock to produce upgraded products and deactivated catalyst, (d) adding the upgraded products and deactivated catalyst from the

FCC riser to the reactor/stripper and separating upgraded products from deactivated catalyst in the reactor/stripper, (e) adding the deactivated catalyst from (d) to the regenerator to regenerate the deactivated catalyst to provide regenerated catalyst; and collecting the upgraded products.

The present invention provides for a method of converting a depolymerized lignin aromatic compound into a bioproduct, comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising a depolymerized lignin aromatic compound, optionally a depolymerized cellulose, and optionally a depolymerized hemicellulose, and (b) introducing a genetically modified microorganism to the composition, wherein the genetically modified microorganism is capable of converting the depolymerized lignin aromatic compound into a bioproduct; such that the depolymerized lignin aromatic compound is converted into a bioproduct.

Disclosed herein are bio-based polysulfones, and in particular, bisguaiacol-based PSfs synthesized from (i) at least one polymerizable lignin-based monomer having a structure corresponding to formula (I) wherein each R.sup.1 is independently either an H or a methyl group, wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each individually selected from an H or a methoxy group, and (ii) at least one polymerizable 4,4′-dihalophenyl sulfone as a comonomer. Also, disclosed herein are compositions comprising the bio-based polysulfones and a membrane comprising the composition

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Highly water-soluble humic acid products such as powders and compacted solids or granules are provided, which can be used directly as crop growth enhancers, or can be coated on or mixed with solid fertilizers. Preferred fertilizer products include humic acid-supplemented MAP, DAP, and urea, particularly where the humic acid fraction is distributed throughout the structure of the solid fertilizers.

A system for generating a self-receive signal includes: a signal generator; a first signal processor; a second signal processor; and an antenna. The system also includes a first passive coupling device: defining a first input port electromagnetically coupled to the signal generator; defining a first transmitted port; defining a first coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the first signal processor; and characterized by a first phase balance between the first transmitted port and the first coupled port. The system further includes a second passive coupling device: defining a second input port electromagnetically coupled to the antenna; defining a second transmitted port electromagnetically coupled to the first transmitted port; defining a second coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the second signal processor; and characterized by a second phase balance between the second transmitted port and the second coupled port substantially similar to the first phase balance.

The present invention relates to methods and engineered microbial hosts useful for treating lignin or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the host has one or more exogenous nucleic acid sequences that encode a ligninase (e.g., a laccase and/or a peroxidase).