A photopolymerizable material contains, as a main polymerization component, a bicarbazole compound represented by structural formula (1).

##STR00001##

In structural formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom.

A photopolymerizable material contains, as a main polymerization component, a bicarbazole compound represented by structural formula (1).

##STR00001##

In structural formula (1), X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently a photopolymerizable functional group, a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, or a hydrogen atom, at least one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 is a photopolymerizable functional group or a structural site having a photopolymerizable functional group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a bromine atom, or a chlorine atom, and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom.

A method for inactivating a pathogen is described, comprising the steps of: providing, in a solution: (1) a charged polymer comprising charged monomers and counterions to the charged monomers; increasing a pH of the solution with a base, the step of increasing the pH further comprising the step of: introducing salt ions into the solution; (2) removing at least ten percent of the salt ions from the solution; (3) decreasing the pH of the solution; (4) contacting the pathogen with the charged polymer; and (5) inactivating at least fifty percent of the pathogens within thirty minutes of the step of contacting, where a conductivity of the solution is in a range of 0.1 to 10 mS/cm and/or a total cationic charge of the solution is in a range of 0.4 to 15 C/cm.sup.3.

A method for inactivating a pathogen is described, comprising the steps of: providing, in a solution: (1) a charged polymer comprising charged monomers and counterions to the charged monomers; increasing a pH of the solution with a base, the step of increasing the pH further comprising the step of: introducing salt ions into the solution; (2) removing at least ten percent of the salt ions from the solution; (3) decreasing the pH of the solution; (4) contacting the pathogen with the charged polymer; and (5) inactivating at least fifty percent of the pathogens within thirty minutes of the step of contacting, where a conductivity of the solution is in a range of 0.1 to 10 mS/cm and/or a total cationic charge of the solution is in a range of 0.4 to 15 C/cm.sup.3.

A method for inactivating pathogens is described, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a copolymer comprising repeating units, the repeating units comprising at least two of: first monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; second monomers comprising a NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; and third monomers comprising an acyl group, C(O)R, attached to a nitrogen in a polymer backbone group of the copolymer comprising NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2, wherein R comprises a hydrocarbon chain, the repeating units arranged in any order in the copolymer; (2) preparing a formulation, the formulation comprising the copolymer and a total cationic charge in a range of 0.2 to 10 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 95% offset by counteranions in the formulation; and (3) inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogen within a time period of less than ninety minutes from contact of the pathogen with the copolymer.

A method for inactivating pathogens is described, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a copolymer comprising repeating units, the repeating units comprising at least two of: first monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; second monomers comprising a NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; and third monomers comprising an acyl group, C(O)R, attached to a nitrogen in a polymer backbone group of the copolymer comprising NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2, wherein R comprises a hydrocarbon chain, the repeating units arranged in any order in the copolymer; (2) preparing a formulation, the formulation comprising the copolymer and a total cationic charge in a range of 0.2 to 10 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 95% offset by counteranions in the formulation; and (3) inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogen within a time period of less than ninety minutes from contact of the pathogen with the copolymer.

A method for inactivating pathogens, comprising the steps of: (1) partially protonating polyethylenimine to yield a first copolymer, the first copolymer comprising: first monomers, the first monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; and second monomers, the second monomers comprising a NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group, the first monomers and the second monomers arranged in any order in the copolymer; (2) preparing a formulation, the formulation comprising the first copolymer and a total cationic charge in a range of 0.2 to 10 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 95% offset by counteranions in the formulation; (3) contacting the pathogens with the formulation; and (4) inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogens within ninety minutes of the step of contacting.

A method for inactivating pathogens, comprising the steps of: (1) partially protonating polyethylenimine to yield a first copolymer, the first copolymer comprising: first monomers, the first monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; and second monomers, the second monomers comprising a NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group, the first monomers and the second monomers arranged in any order in the copolymer; (2) preparing a formulation, the formulation comprising the first copolymer and a total cationic charge in a range of 0.2 to 10 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 95% offset by counteranions in the formulation; (3) contacting the pathogens with the formulation; and (4) inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogens within ninety minutes of the step of contacting.

Provided is a new agent for increasing the melting temperature (Tm value) of a nucleic acid. The present invention uses a specific (di)allylamine-based compound that meets a specific relationship between the molecular weight of the (di)allylamine-based compound and a numerical value calculated from a specific parameter related to the chemical structure of the (di)allylamine-based compound.

A method for inactivating pathogens is described, comprising the steps of: partially deacylating a poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) to yield a copolymer, an alkyl in the poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) comprising a hydrocarbon chain, the copolymer comprising: first monomers, the first monomers comprising a NH.sub.2.sup.+CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 group; and second monomers, the second monomers comprising an acyl group, C(O)R, attached to a nitrogen in a polymer backbone group comprising NCH.sub.2CH.sub.2, wherein R comprises the hydrocarbon chain, the first monomers and the second monomers arranged in any order in the copolymer; preparing a formulation, the formulation comprising the copolymer and a total cationic charge in a range of 0.2 to 10 C/cm.sup.3, the total cationic charge at least 95% offset by counteranions in the formulation; contacting the pathogens with the formulation; and inactivating at least ninety percent of the pathogens within ninety minutes of the step of contacting.