A method of detecting space debris includes: generating a virtual space debris in accordance with the law of conservation of mass by applying a debris breakup model to an object of breakup origin; calculating an orbit of each virtual space debris based on a debris orbit propagation model; and generating appearance frequency distribution of a motion vector of each virtual space debris on the celestial sphere based on the orbit calculation. The above operations are executed multiple times. The method further includes setting a search range vector based on a motion vector having a high level of the appearance frequency distribution of the motion vector, and applying a stacking method to regions in images captured at time intervals during the fixed point observation, the regions being shifted along the search range vector sequentially in the order of capture, thereby detecting space debris appearing on the images.

The multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloids as functional additives for latex coating are latex-based coatings with multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particles incorporated therein to provide antimicrobial properties. Each multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particle includes a polymer scaffold and at least one antimicrobial polymer carried on the polymer scaffold, such that the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form a hollow colloidal particle. As a non-limiting example, the polymer scaffold may be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). As a further non-limiting example, the at least one antimicrobial polymer may be a combination of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Each multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particle may also contain an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloidal particle.

The multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloids as functional additives for latex coating are latex-based coatings with multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particles incorporated therein to provide antimicrobial properties. Each multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particle includes a polymer scaffold and at least one antimicrobial polymer carried on the polymer scaffold, such that the polymer scaffold and the at least one antimicrobial polymer form a hollow colloidal particle. As a non-limiting example, the polymer scaffold may be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). As a further non-limiting example, the at least one antimicrobial polymer may be a combination of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Each multilevel antimicrobial polymeric colloidal particle may also contain an antimicrobial core within the hollow colloidal particle.

Acid-catalyzed curable coating compositions containing 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds are described, including multi-layer coatings. Also provided are processes for coating substrates with coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds. Also provided are coated articles comprising coatings formed from coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds.

Acid-catalyzed curable coating compositions containing 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds are described, including multi-layer coatings. Also provided are processes for coating substrates with coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds. Also provided are coated articles comprising coatings formed from coating compositions comprising 1,1-di-activated vinyl compounds.

A hydrogen sensor element comprising a pair of electrodes and a hydrogen detection film disposed in contact with the pair of electrodes, wherein the hydrogen detection film contains a conjugated polymer and a dopant, and wherein the absolute value |ΔG| of energy difference between the lowest unoccupied orbital of the dopant and the highest occupied orbital of the conjugated polymer in the ground state is 4.5 eV or more, is provided.

The present invention relates to polyester and carbodiimide containing transparent films for solar cells, which are characterized by improved resistance to hydrolysis, and also to the solar cells comprising these films. The carbodiimides have a number-average molar mass M.sub.n of >1000 to <2000 g/mol, determined by GPC, measured in tetrahydrofuran (THF) against polystyrene as standard.

A conductive composition including a conductive polymer (A), a water-soluble polymer (B) other than the conductive polymer (A), and a solvent (C), wherein a peak area ratio is 0.44 or less, which is determined based on results of analysis performed using a high performance liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer with respect to a test solution obtained by extracting the water-soluble polymer (B) from the conductive composition with n-butanol, and calculated by formula (I):

Area ratio=Y/(X+Y)

wherein X is a total peak area of an extracted ion chromatogram prepared with respect to ions derived from compounds having a molecular weight (M) of 600 or more from a total ion current chromatogram, Y is a total peak area of an extracted ion chromatogram prepared with respect to ions derived from compounds having a molecular weight (M) of less than 600 from the total ion current chromatogram.

A core/shell polymer material suitable for three-dimensional printing is provided. The core/shell polymer material may include at least one amorphous polymer as a core particle and at least one semicrystalline polymer as a shell material surrounding the core particle.

A core/shell polymer material suitable for three-dimensional printing is provided. The core/shell polymer material may include at least one amorphous polymer as a core particle and at least one semicrystalline polymer as a shell material surrounding the core particle.