Compostable seaweed-based thin films, and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an exemplary seaweed-based thin film comprises a seaweed-based composition comprising agar, alginate, carrageenan, semi-refined seaweed, and/or unprocessed seaweed; an agent comprising glycerin, sorbitol, sodium lignosulphonate, potassium lignosulphonate, calcium lignosulphonate, ammonium lignosulphonate, lignosulphonate, citric acid, ascorbic acid, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyglyceride fatty acid esters, guar gum, tributyl citrate, and/or propylene glycol; and water. The seaweed-based composition can comprise 50-90 wt % of the seaweed-based thin film, the agent can comprise no more than 40 wt % of the seaweed-based thin film, and the water can comprise 0.1-50 wt % of the seaweed-based thin film.

Ceramics are capable of reducing color irregularities and uneven coating, hard to dissolve into glaze, and excellent in fixation. A water-based paint contains a coloring material, first cellulose nanofibers having a lignin content of 20 to 40 mass % and a water retention of 150 to 300%, and second cellulose nanofibers having a higher viscosity compared to the first cellulose nanofibers, and the water-based paint has a B-type viscosity of 600 cps or higher. Ceramic ware or glassware or the like having painting made on a green body of which surface is formed of silicic acid or silicate compound as a main component, with the water-based paint.

Ceramics are capable of reducing color irregularities and uneven coating, hard to dissolve into glaze, and excellent in fixation. A water-based paint contains a coloring material, first cellulose nanofibers having a lignin content of 20 to 40 mass % and a water retention of 150 to 300%, and second cellulose nanofibers having a higher viscosity compared to the first cellulose nanofibers, and the water-based paint has a B-type viscosity of 600 cps or higher. Ceramic ware or glassware or the like having painting made on a green body of which surface is formed of silicic acid or silicate compound as a main component, with the water-based paint.

The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a barrier substrate, comprising the steps of: providing a web comprising at least one first layer, which first layer comprises at least 30 weight-% highly refined cellulose fibers having a Schopper Riegler value of 60-95 SR # and/or at least 30 weight-% microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), as calculated on the total dry weight of said first layer, which web has a first side and a second side and which web exhibits an air resistance (Gurley) of at least 1000 s/100 ml, preferably at least 2000 s/100 ml, as measured according to ISO 5636-5, providing a heated roll or a heated belt, applying at least one first composition comprising a polymer dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium on the first side of the web while the web is in contact with the heated roll or belt, in a first coating step, thereby providing the web with a first barrier layer forming a barrier coated web, optionally drying said web provided with the first barrier layer in a drying step. 20 The invention relates also to a barrier substrate, a barrier substrate laminate with a polymer layer and a packaging material comprising the barrier substrate.