A hydrophilic copolymer comprising a constituent unit (a) represented by formula (1) and a constituent unit (b) represented by formula (2) is used to impart a coating film excelling in hydrophilicity, antifogging, and water resistance.

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(In formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, each R.sup.2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or C1-6 alkyl group, and X.sup.1 represents a divalent linking group. In formula (2), R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent a C1-10 alkyl group or C6-10 aryl group, X.sup.2 represents a bivalent linking group, n represents an integer from 1 to 3, and the asterisk (*) represents a bond to an adjacent constituent unit.)

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.

The invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment employing compositions comprising polyelectrolyte complexes. The compositions include a water-soluble first polyelectrolyte bearing a net cationic charge or capable of developing a net cationic charge and a water-soluble second polyelectrolyte bearing a net anionic charge or capable of developing a net anionic charge. The total polyelectrolyte concentration of the first solution is at least 110 millimolar. The composition is free of coacervates, precipitates, latex particles, synthetic block copolymers, silicone copolymers, cross-linked poly(acrylic) and cross-linked water-soluble polyelectrolyte. The composition may be a concentrate, to be diluted prior to use to treat a surface.

A composition for forming an organic film contains: (A) a material for forming an organic film; (B) an aryl benzyl ether compound having a partial structure represented by the following general formula (B1); and (C) a solvent, where R.sub.1 represents a group represented by the following formula (B2-1) or either of groups containing fluorine represented by the following formulae (B2-2), R.sub.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a represents 0 or 1, provided that when a is 0, b represents 1 to 5 and c represents 0 to 4, and when a is 1, b represents 1 to 7 and c represents 0 to 6, and * represents an attachment point to another atom.

##STR00001##

A composition for forming an organic film contains: (A) a material for forming an organic film; (B) an aryl benzyl ether compound having a partial structure represented by the following general formula (B1); and (C) a solvent, where R.sub.1 represents a group represented by the following formula (B2-1) or either of groups containing fluorine represented by the following formulae (B2-2), R.sub.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a represents 0 or 1, provided that when a is 0, b represents 1 to 5 and c represents 0 to 4, and when a is 1, b represents 1 to 7 and c represents 0 to 6, and * represents an attachment point to another atom.

##STR00001##

A method of manufacturing a textile-based pH sensor is provided. Conductive threads are coated with polyaniline by either electrospinning to form a fibrous mat or by depositing a film from a polymeric solution comprising 1 to 10% polyaniline and 10 to 20% polymer matrix. The coated threads are integrated into a textile and spaced apart. A control unit is connected to the threads to apply a test signal, detect a feedback signal when a biological liquid connects the threads, and determine the pH based on signal comparison. The fibrous or film polyaniline coatings enhance sensitivity, flexibility, and durability for wearable applications.

A method of manufacturing a textile-based pH sensor is provided. Conductive threads are coated with polyaniline by either electrospinning to form a fibrous mat or by depositing a film from a polymeric solution comprising 1 to 10% polyaniline and 10 to 20% polymer matrix. The coated threads are integrated into a textile and spaced apart. A control unit is connected to the threads to apply a test signal, detect a feedback signal when a biological liquid connects the threads, and determine the pH based on signal comparison. The fibrous or film polyaniline coatings enhance sensitivity, flexibility, and durability for wearable applications.

A moisture barrier laminated film including an inorganic barrier layer and a hygroscopic layer on a plastic base material. The inorganic barrier layer is disposed closer to a high moisture atmosphere than the hygroscopic layer. The moisture barrier laminated film is characterized in that a quasi-hygroscopic layer is provided between the inorganic barrier layer and the hygroscopic layer, and water solubility coefficients in the quasi-hygroscopic layer and in the hygroscopic layer satisfy a condition represented by the following expression (1): 0.1S2S1<S2 (1), where S1 is a water solubility coefficient at 85 C. in the quasi-hygroscopic layer, and S2 is a water solubility coefficient at 85 C. in the hygroscopic layer.

A moisture barrier laminated film including an inorganic barrier layer and a hygroscopic layer on a plastic base material. The inorganic barrier layer is disposed closer to a high moisture atmosphere than the hygroscopic layer. The moisture barrier laminated film is characterized in that a quasi-hygroscopic layer is provided between the inorganic barrier layer and the hygroscopic layer, and water solubility coefficients in the quasi-hygroscopic layer and in the hygroscopic layer satisfy a condition represented by the following expression (1): 0.1S2S1<S2 (1), where S1 is a water solubility coefficient at 85 C. in the quasi-hygroscopic layer, and S2 is a water solubility coefficient at 85 C. in the hygroscopic layer.