The present invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.S is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an aryl group, which has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkenyl group, which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkoxy group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group or a hydroxy group, wherein the alkyl group, the aryl group, the alkenyl group, and the alkoxy group each optionally contain an ether bond, a ketone bond, or an ester bond; wherein at least one R.sup.S is a hydroxy group; and each R.sup.T is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an aryl group, which has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkenyl group, which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkoxy group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group or a hydroxy group, wherein the alkyl group, the aryl group, the alkenyl group, and the alkoxy group each optionally contain an ether bond, a ketone bond, or an ester bond, wherein two R.sup.T are optionally bonded to include a cyclic structure.

The present invention provides a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following formula (1):

##STR00001## wherein each R.sup.S is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an aryl group, which has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkenyl group, which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkoxy group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group or a hydroxy group, wherein the alkyl group, the aryl group, the alkenyl group, and the alkoxy group each optionally contain an ether bond, a ketone bond, or an ester bond; wherein at least one R.sup.S is a hydroxy group; and each R.sup.T is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an aryl group, which has 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkenyl group, which has 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, an alkoxy group, which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and which optionally has a substituent, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group or a hydroxy group, wherein the alkyl group, the aryl group, the alkenyl group, and the alkoxy group each optionally contain an ether bond, a ketone bond, or an ester bond, wherein two R.sup.T are optionally bonded to include a cyclic structure.

Method for producing a multicoat coating comprises: applying a primer-surfacer coat (I) to an optionally pretreated substrate, curing coat (I), applying a basecoat (II) to coat (I), optionally curing the basecoat (II), applying a clearcoat (III) to basecoat (II), and curing basecoat (II) and/or clearcoat (III), wherein coat (I) is obtained by applying a nonaqueous, solventborne coating material comprising by weight: at least 20% of at least one organic solvent, at least 8% of at least one first polyester (A1), having a glass transition temperature of at least 20 C. and an acid number of 0 to 40 mg KOH/g; at least 8% by weight of at least one second polyester (A2), different from (A1) and having a glass transition temperature of not more than 10 C.; at least one crosslinker (B); and at least 8% of one or more fillers and/or pigments (C).

Method for producing a multicoat coating comprises: applying a primer-surfacer coat (I) to an optionally pretreated substrate, curing coat (I), applying a basecoat (II) to coat (I), optionally curing the basecoat (II), applying a clearcoat (III) to basecoat (II), and curing basecoat (II) and/or clearcoat (III), wherein coat (I) is obtained by applying a nonaqueous, solventborne coating material comprising by weight: at least 20% of at least one organic solvent, at least 8% of at least one first polyester (A1), having a glass transition temperature of at least 20 C. and an acid number of 0 to 40 mg KOH/g; at least 8% by weight of at least one second polyester (A2), different from (A1) and having a glass transition temperature of not more than 10 C.; at least one crosslinker (B); and at least 8% of one or more fillers and/or pigments (C).

A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography that can be used as a hard mask. The composition can improve pattern resolution due to having a trihalogenoacetamide skeleton. A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography comprising a hydrolyzable silane, a hydrolysis product thereof, a hydrolysis condensate thereof, or a combination thereof as a silane, wherein the hydrolyzable silane comprises a silane having a halogen-containing carboxylic acid amide group.

A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography that can be used as a hard mask. The composition can improve pattern resolution due to having a trihalogenoacetamide skeleton. A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography comprising a hydrolyzable silane, a hydrolysis product thereof, a hydrolysis condensate thereof, or a combination thereof as a silane, wherein the hydrolyzable silane comprises a silane having a halogen-containing carboxylic acid amide group.

A compound or a resin represented by the following formula (1). ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a heterocyclic group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, in which the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group optionally include an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group including a hydroxyl group or a thiol group, each m is independently an integer of 0 to 7 (in which at least one m is an integer of 1 to 7.), each p is independently 0 or 1, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and n is 1 or 2).

A compound or a resin represented by the following formula (1). ##STR00001##
(in formula (1), each X independently represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an uncrosslinked state, each R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a heterocyclic group, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, in which the alkyl group, the alkenyl group and the aryl group optionally include an ether bond, a ketone bond or an ester bond, each R.sup.2 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a thiol group or a hydroxyl group, in which at least one R.sup.2 represents a group including a hydroxyl group or a thiol group, each m is independently an integer of 0 to 7 (in which at least one m is an integer of 1 to 7.), each p is independently 0 or 1, q is an integer of 0 to 2, and n is 1 or 2).

The present disclosure provides compositions including a carbon fiber material comprising one or more of dibromocyclopropyl or polysilazane disposed thereon; and a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. The present disclosure further provides metal substrates including a composition of the present disclosure disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides vehicle components including a metal substrate of the present disclosure. The present disclosure further provides methods for manufacturing a vehicle component, including contacting a carbon fiber material with a polysilazane or a dibromocarbene to form a coated carbon fiber material; and mixing the coated carbon fiber material with a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer to form a composition. Methods can further include depositing a composition of the present disclosure onto a metal substrate.

The present disclosure provides compositions including a carbon fiber material comprising one or more of dibromocyclopropyl or polysilazane disposed thereon; and a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. The present disclosure further provides metal substrates including a composition of the present disclosure disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides vehicle components including a metal substrate of the present disclosure. The present disclosure further provides methods for manufacturing a vehicle component, including contacting a carbon fiber material with a polysilazane or a dibromocarbene to form a coated carbon fiber material; and mixing the coated carbon fiber material with a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer to form a composition. Methods can further include depositing a composition of the present disclosure onto a metal substrate.