Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

Provided is a varnish for the formation of a charge-transporting thin film, said varnish including an organic solvent, a charge-transporting substance, and a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine-N-oxyl derivative represented by formula (T1)

##STR00001##

(in the formula, each R.sup.A independently represents a C1-20 alkyl group, and R.sup.B represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, an oxo group, an isocyanato group, a C1-20 alkoxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonyloxy group, a C7-20 arylcarbonyloxy group, a C2-20 alkylcarbonylamino group or a C7-20 arylcarbonylamino group).

Provided is a coating for forming a conductive release layer capable of forming a conductive release layer having high adhesion to a film base material, suppressing deterioration in conductivity over time in the air, and having a sufficient releasing property. The coating for forming a conductive release layer of the present invention contains a conductive composite including a π-conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion, an epoxy compound having an epoxy group, a curable silicone, a polyester resin, and an organic solvent.

A composition having a carbon material and a redox substance with a redox potential of −0.2 (V vs. SHE) or higher and 1.5 (V vs. SHE) or lower. A composition having a carbon material that is a carbon fiber. A composition where the carbon fiber is in a form of a chopped strand, roving, textile, non-woven fabric, or unidirectional material.

A composition having a carbon material and a redox substance with a redox potential of −0.2 (V vs. SHE) or higher and 1.5 (V vs. SHE) or lower. A composition having a carbon material that is a carbon fiber. A composition where the carbon fiber is in a form of a chopped strand, roving, textile, non-woven fabric, or unidirectional material.

An active energy ray polymerization initiator has a structure of Chemical Formula (1) or (2),

##STR00001## L.sub.1 represents Chemical Formula (I), L.sub.2 represents Chemical Formula (II), one of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.1, the rest of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.2, Link 2 represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —SO.sub.2—, —C(CF.sub.3).sub.2—, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms,

##STR00002## Z represents a tertiary amine.

##STR00003## R represents a hydrocarbon group having one to three carbon atoms or methoxy group, n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, Link 1 represents —(CH.sub.2).sub.x—(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.y—, where x represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and y represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 11.

An active energy ray polymerization initiator has a structure of Chemical Formula (1) or (2),

##STR00001## L.sub.1 represents Chemical Formula (I), L.sub.2 represents Chemical Formula (II), one of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.1, the rest of L.sub.3 and L.sub.4 and one of L.sub.5 and L.sub.6 represent the same group as L.sub.2, Link 2 represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —SO.sub.2—, —C(CF.sub.3).sub.2—, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms,

##STR00002## Z represents a tertiary amine.

##STR00003## R represents a hydrocarbon group having one to three carbon atoms or methoxy group, n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 3, Link 1 represents —(CH.sub.2).sub.x—(OC.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.y—, where x represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and y represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 11.

Disclosed herein are methods and apparatuses for curing a polymerizable material capable of cure through a redox reaction by electrically contacting the polymerizable material with an anode and a cathode to create a voltage bias that promotes curing of the polymerizable material.

A method of coating an electroplating rack used for supporting non-conductive substrates during a plating process. The method comprises the steps of contacting at least a portion of the electroplating rack with a plastisol composition, the plastisol composition having dispersed therein an effective amount of an additive; and heating the electroplating rack with the plastisol composition thereon to a suitable temperature and for a sufficient time to cure the plastisol and form a solid insulating coating on the electroplating rack. The coated electroplating rack may then be used for mounting non-conductive substrates for subsequent metallization steps.

A method of coating an electroplating rack used for supporting non-conductive substrates during a plating process. The method comprises the steps of contacting at least a portion of the electroplating rack with a plastisol composition, the plastisol composition having dispersed therein an effective amount of an additive; and heating the electroplating rack with the plastisol composition thereon to a suitable temperature and for a sufficient time to cure the plastisol and form a solid insulating coating on the electroplating rack. The coated electroplating rack may then be used for mounting non-conductive substrates for subsequent metallization steps.