After there is prepared a conductive paste which contains fine copper particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm, each of the fine copper particles being coated with an azole compound, such as benzotriazole, coarse copper particles having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 20 μm, at least one of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) resin and a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin, a chlorine compound, and a glycol solvent, such as ethylene glycol, the total amount of the fine copper particles and the coarse copper particles being 50 to 90% by weight, and the weight ratio of the fine copper particles to the coarse copper particles being in the range of from 1:9 to 5:5, the conductive paste thus prepared is applied on a substrate by screen printing to be preliminary-fired by vacuum drying, and then, fired with light irradiation by irradiating with light having a wavelength of 200 to 800 nm at a pulse period of 500 to 2000 μs and a pulse voltage of 1600 to 3800 V to form a conductive film on the substrate.

Provided is a composition for forming a plating base on which plating is applied without a pretreatment, especially any activation process for the plating base, conventionally believed to be necessary, as well as a thus-formed plating base and a method of forming a plating coat over the plating base. The plating base is a coating film formed by applying and drying a metal nanoparticle dispersion liquid or a metal nanoparticle dispersion ink in which metal nanoparticles are protected with a small amount of protecting agent. Thus, a metal film can be formed by plating without operations such as substrate cleaning or catalyst imparting and activating. Since it is not necessary to wash the substrate with acid or base solution or to heat-treat it at a high temperature, many variations of materials become available for the substrate.

Provided is a composition for forming a plating base on which plating is applied without a pretreatment, especially any activation process for the plating base, conventionally believed to be necessary, as well as a thus-formed plating base and a method of forming a plating coat over the plating base. The plating base is a coating film formed by applying and drying a metal nanoparticle dispersion liquid or a metal nanoparticle dispersion ink in which metal nanoparticles are protected with a small amount of protecting agent. Thus, a metal film can be formed by plating without operations such as substrate cleaning or catalyst imparting and activating. Since it is not necessary to wash the substrate with acid or base solution or to heat-treat it at a high temperature, many variations of materials become available for the substrate.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite pigment which can be dispersed and made into paint in a manner that saves labor compared with conventional flat emulsion paints, and which can achieve concealing properties and low glossiness (a luster reduction effect) without separately adding a matting agent. This composite pigment contains an inorganic compound and/or an organic compound, and a fixed extender pigment.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite pigment which can be dispersed and made into paint in a manner that saves labor compared with conventional flat emulsion paints, and which can achieve concealing properties and low glossiness (a luster reduction effect) without separately adding a matting agent. This composite pigment contains an inorganic compound and/or an organic compound, and a fixed extender pigment.

An aqueous coating agent composition includes (A) a curable resin in the form of an aqueous emulsion, (B) a surfactant, (C) solid particles, (D) one or more nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and (E) water. In various embodiments, component (C) includes a solid lubricant, and for reasons of environmental regulations, component (D) includes 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.

A composition for forming an underlayer film necessary for facilitating alignment of self-assembled film into desired vertical pattern. Composition for forming an underlayer film of self-assembled film including a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound in main chain. The polymer is a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound with aromatic ring structure of aromatic ring-containing compound or polymer chain derived from vinyl group of vinyl group-containing compound in main chain. The polymer has unit structure of Formula (1):
X—Y  Formula (1)
wherein X is single bond, divalent group having vinyl structure as polymer chain, or divalent group having aromatic ring-containing structure as polymer chain, and Y is divalent group having aliphatic polycyclic structure as polymer chain. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is bi- to hexa-cyclic diene compound. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene.

A composition for forming an underlayer film necessary for facilitating alignment of self-assembled film into desired vertical pattern. Composition for forming an underlayer film of self-assembled film including a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound in main chain. The polymer is a polymer having unit structure containing aliphatic polycyclic structure of aliphatic polycyclic compound with aromatic ring structure of aromatic ring-containing compound or polymer chain derived from vinyl group of vinyl group-containing compound in main chain. The polymer has unit structure of Formula (1):
X—Y  Formula (1)
wherein X is single bond, divalent group having vinyl structure as polymer chain, or divalent group having aromatic ring-containing structure as polymer chain, and Y is divalent group having aliphatic polycyclic structure as polymer chain. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is bi- to hexa-cyclic diene compound. The aliphatic polycyclic compound is dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene.

A liquid crystal protection film is capable of ultrasonic fingerprint recognition in order to improve ultrasonic fingerprint recognition performance. The liquid crystal protection film includes a liquid crystal protection film part attached to an upper portion of a liquid crystal so as to protect the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal protection film part includes: a first layer attached to the upper portion of the liquid crystal; a second layer formed on an upper portion of the first layer; and a liquid crystal adhesive layer formed under the first layer and provided so that the liquid crystal adheres to the first layer.

A display device includes a display module, a glass substrate, a buffer film, and a light blocking layer, the buffer film includes a base film and a nanoparticle coating layer provided on at least one surface of the base film, and the nanoparticle coating layer includes a binder and a plurality of nanoparticles. Therefore, the display device according to one or more embodiments may have excellent durability and visibility.