Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometncally tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in the production of an article by adding a Stokes-shifting taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine utilized to produce the article or a component thereof, irradiating the articles produced with a first wavelength of radiation, and monitoring the articles for emission of radiation at a second wavelength. The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in the production of an article by adding a Stokes-shifting taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine utilized to produce the article or a component thereof, irradiating the articles produced with a first wavelength of radiation, and monitoring the articles for emission of radiation at a second wavelength. The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in the production of an article by adding a Stokes-shifting taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine utilized to produce the article or a component thereof, irradiating the articles produced with a first wavelength of radiation, and monitoring the articles for emission of radiation at a second wavelength. The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

A process for detecting oil or lubricant contamination in the production of an article by adding a Stokes-shifting taggant to an oil or lubricant of a machine utilized to produce the article or a component thereof, irradiating the articles produced with a first wavelength of radiation, and monitoring the articles for emission of radiation at a second wavelength. The taggant can be in the form of a composition containing a Stokes-shifting taggant, which absorbs radiation at a first wavelength and emits radiation at a second wavelength, different from said first wavelength, dissolved or dispersed in an oil or lubricant.

[Object] To provide a fluorescent molded body that obtains high-brightness light emission having high directivity, a solid light source, and an electronic apparatus using the same. [Solving Means] A fluorescent molded body includes a first surface, a second surface, and a lateral surface. Excitation light output from a laser light source is incident on the first surface. The second surface is arranged facing the first surface. The lateral surface is in contact with the first surface and the second surface and has a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface inclined at a blunt angle with respect to the second surface and arranged facing each other. In the fluorescent molded body, evanescent waves are generated at the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface when light emitted due to the fluorescent molded body being excited by the excitation light is totally reflected inside the fluorescent molded body. A distance between a position at which the first inclined surface and the second surface are in contact with each other and a position at which the second inclined surface and the second surface are in contact with each other is less than 2 when a light emission wavelength of the emitted light is expressed as .

The present disclosure provides a quantum dot having a core-shell structure. To have superior quantum efficiency and optical stability, the quantum dot is of a five element system of ZnCuInPS. The quantum dot includes a core formed of In(Zn)P material and doped with copper. The quantum dot further comprises a first shell formed of CuZnInS material and surrounding the core and a second shell formed ZnS material and surrounding the first shell.

The present invention provides a quantum dot of which a surface is passivated with a short chain ligand, and a method of passivating a surface of the quantum dot using a ligand exchange reaction.

Present invention provides a process for the synthesis of size and composition tunable colloidal PbMgS core and PbMgS/MS core shell quantum dots emitting in the near infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum in a single operation in a continuous flow reactor. M includes at least one of Cd, Mg, Zn and Cu metals.

An infrared emitting fluoride phosphor and an infrared light emitting device are provided. The infrared emitting fluoride phosphor includes an activation center of Cr.sup.3+. The infrared light emitting device includes a light source and the infrared emitting fluoride phosphor. The light source is disposed to emit a first light, and the first light has a wavelength of 400-700 nm. The infrared emitting fluoride phosphor is configured to be excited by the first light to emit a first infrared ray. The first infrared ray has a wavelength of 650-1000 nm. The infrared light emitting device has a broad emission wavelength, such that it can be applied in variety of sensing device.