Embodiments disclosed herein relate to group III-V QDs and manufacturing methods thereof. More specifically, the embodiments disclosed herein relate to group III-V QDs that have at least one shell of a group II-VI compound surrounding the group III-V QD core. Thus, the QDs disclosed herein are core/shell QDs and in some embodiments may be a core/shell/shell QD. For example, the group III-V QD core material may be surrounded by a shell of a group II-VI compound, which itself may be surrounded by a shell of a group II-VI compound.

Provided are a nitrogen-heterocyclic compound, a display panel and a display apparatus. In an embodiment, the compound has a structure of Chemical Formula 1, in which X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each C or N, and at least one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is N; X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are N or CR.sub.a, and one, two, three or four of X.sub.3 to X.sub.7 are N, where R.sub.a is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C1-C20 alkoxy, C1-C20 thioalkyl, C6-C30 aryl, or C3-C30 heteroaryl; and R.sub.a is independently present or forms an aliphatic ring, an aromatic ring, or a heteroaromatic ring with adjacent carbon atoms; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are each C6-C30 aryl or C3-C30 heteroaryl; and L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each a single bond, C6-C30 arylene, or C3-C30 heteroarylene. The compound is suitable as a CPL material to improve external quantum efficiency (EQE) of an organic light-emitting device and light-emitting efficiency. ##STR00001##

A scintillator comprises a sintered body having a volume of 1 mm.sup.3 or less. The sintered body includes a crystal region of a rare earth oxysulfide. The number of polycrystal bodies each having a different composition from that of the crystal region is 200 or less per a unit area of 100 m100 m of a cross section of the sintered body.

A white light photoluminescence wavelength conversion component comprises at least one blue light excitable green to yellow light (510 nm to 570 nm) emitting yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) type phosphor material and at least one blue light excitable orange to red light (585 nm to 670 nm) emitting organic fluorescent dye.

A method 100 of manufacturing a ceramic light transmitting barrier cell for enclosing a luminescent material and such a ceramic light transmitting barrier cell are provided. A part of a pre-formed barrier cell is formed 102 by providing a material mix comprising a binder and inorganic particles in a first mold. On the part is provided 104 a sacrificial layer for defining a cavity. A remainder part of the pre-formed barrier cell is formed 106 by providing the material mix in a second mold which already comprises the part with the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer is at least partially removed 112 to obtain the cavity. Optionally, the pre-formed barrier cell is heated 114, 116 (and/or sintered) to obtain the ceramic light transmitting barrier cell. The method 100 of manufacturing is suitable for producing at large scale relatively cheap and accurately formed ceramic light transmitting barrier cells.

A method 100 of manufacturing a ceramic light transmitting barrier cell for enclosing a luminescent material and such a ceramic light transmitting barrier cell are provided. A part of a pre-formed barrier cell is formed 102 by providing a material mix comprising a binder and inorganic particles in a first mold. On the part is provided 104 a sacrificial layer for defining a cavity. A remainder part of the pre-formed barrier cell is formed 106 by providing the material mix in a second mold which already comprises the part with the sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer is at least partially removed 112 to obtain the cavity. Optionally, the pre-formed barrier cell is heated 114, 116 (and/or sintered) to obtain the ceramic light transmitting barrier cell. The method 100 of manufacturing is suitable for producing at large scale relatively cheap and accurately formed ceramic light transmitting barrier cells.

Encrypted markers that are not readily detectable can be revealed by treatment with a specific reagent used as a developer to reveal a readily detectable physical property of the marker, such as a characteristic fluorescence emission after excitation with a particular excitation wavelength, or to reveal a visible color. The encrypted marker can be developed in situ, or a sample can be removed by brushing, scraping, swabbing or scratching the marked object or item and developing the encrypted marker or a sample thereof with the appropriate developer to reveal an overt marker or optical signal. The marker can be revealed by exposure of the encrypted marker or a sample thereof to the developer in any suitable form, such as a solution, a slurry, a swab, a solid (such as in granular form), or a gas or a vapor that includes a developer.

An optical component includes a support member having a through-hole, a second light-transmissive member disposed inside the through-hole, and having a light incidence face, a light emission face, and an outer peripheral side surface, and at least one functional film selected from a group consisting of a short pass filter, a long pass filter, and a heat dissipation member and disposed on a surface of the second light-transmissive member.

Provided are: a production method for a patterned phosphorescent body capable of producing a patterned phosphorescent body with excellent light emission (phosphorescent) performance through simple and easy production processes; a patterned phosphorescent body, and an evacuation guide sign. A mixture obtained by mixing at least a phosphorescent material and a glass material is filled in a mold and the mixture is press-molded so as to provide a planar part (10), thereby to create a molded body. The molded body is baked and slowly cooled, and then transfer paper of a water transfer type is attached to a surface of the planar part (10) of the baked molded body (4) and re-baking is performed at a temperature lower than a baking temperature of the molded body to impress a pattern (11) on the transfer paper.

Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometrically tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.