A waste vegetable-oil based emulsifier for use as drilling mud primary emulsifier is described. A first emulsifier is prepared from an alkyl ester of waste vegetable oil. The waste vegetable oil is vegetable oil which has been used for a process prior to preparing the first emulsifier. A quantity of the first emulsifier is added to an oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of an activating agent is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The activating agent is configured to activate the emulsifier to stabilize an emulsion. A quantity of viscosifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of a second emulsifier is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. A quantity of weigh-up material is added to the oil-based drilling fluid. The resulting oil-based drilling fluid is used in a wellbore drilling operation to drill a wellbore in a subterranean zone.

Disclosed herein is an oil dispersant composition that contains an acyl amino acid ionic liquid, a dicationic ionic liquid, a fruit acid ionic liquid, a polyacid ionic liquid, and an ethoxylate oleyl ether ionic liquid. The composition may also be diluted with water. The composition is useful for dispersing an oil spill in a body of water, while being less toxic to the aquatic environment and also acting to stimulate bacterial growth in said aquatic environment.

An aqueous emulsion of dialkyl peroxide has at least one dialkyl peroxide in liquid form at room temperature, representing between 10% and 75% by weight of the emulsion, at least one emulsifier representing from 0.01% to 10% by weight of the emulsion, optionally, at least one antifreeze, optionally at least one functional additive, water, the amount of which is determined so as to form the rest of said emulsion (100%), characterized in that the emulsifier is a polyethoxylated nonionic surfactant. Also, a process for preparing this aqueous emulsion.

The invention relates to a dispersion containing (A) at least one compound of the formula (I), wherein R.sup.1 denotes H, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3)OH, (B) a polymeric binder and (C) water.

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The present invention is directed to an ophthalmic emulsion. The emulsion has a unique combination of ingredients that promotes the stability of small oil droplets within the emulsion. The emulsion also includes a mucoadhesive polymer that aid in delivering a lipid to the ocular surface.

The invention relates especially to a composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an inner fatty phase and an outer aqueous phase and containing: a) at least 0.01% by weight and preferably at least 0.05% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one inulin modified with hydrophobic chains, and b) at least 0.05% by weight and preferably at least 0.1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one thickening polysaccharide of plant origin, the said composition being free of silicones. The invention also relates to a cosmetic process using the said composition.

Provided are a pickering emulsion including: 0.01-20 wt % of particles having an average particle diameter of 10 nm-100 μm, and 0.01-20 wt % of a non-ionic water-soluble polymer, wherein the particles are positioned on an oil droplet surface, and a method of preparing the same.

Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amines, wherein the fatty amine is made by reducing the amide reaction product of a metathesis-derived C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and a secondary amine, are disclosed. Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amidoamines, wherein the amidoamine is made by reacting of a metathesis-derived C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and an aminoalkyl-substituted tertiary amine, are also disclosed. The quaternized compositions are advantageously sulfonated or sulfitated. In one aspect, the ester derivative of the C.sub.10-C.sub.17 monounsaturated acid or octadecene-1,18-dioic acid is a lower alkyl ester. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin. The quaternary ammonium, betaine, and sulfobetaine compositions and their sulfonated or sulfitated derivatives are valuable for a wide variety of end uses, including cleaners, fabric treatment, hair conditioning, personal care (liquid cleansing products, conditioning bars, oral care products), antimicrobial compositions, agricultural uses, and oil field applications.

Drilling fluid compositions include invert emulsion fluids having an oleaginous phase, an aqueous phase, and an emulsifier composition that includes an ethoxylated alcohol compound and a polyaminated fatty acid compound. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has the formula R.sup.1—(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.n—OH, where R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 8. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of less than or equal to 6. The polyaminated fatty acid compound has the formula R.sup.2—CO—NH—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—N(COR.sup.2)—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—NH—CO—R.sup.3, where R.sup.2 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkylene carboxylate group having formula —R.sup.4—COOH, where R.sup.4 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbylene having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Methods of drilling wells include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of drilling fluid compositions.

The present invention generally relates to microfluidic droplets and, in particular, to multiple emulsion microfluidic droplets. In one set of embodiments, multiple emulsion droplets are provided, where an inner shell of the droplet is relatively thin, compared to the outer shell (or other shells) of the droplet. For instance, in one set of embodiments, the inner droplet has an average thickness of less than about 1000 nm. In some cases, the inner shell may be rigidified, e.g., to form a gel or a polymeric layer. This may be useful, for example, for preventing coalescence of fluids within the microfluidic droplet. Other embodiments of the present invention are generally directed to methods of making such droplets, methods of using such droplets, microfluidic devices for making such droplets, and the like.