Provided is a method and apparatus for manufacturing a cokes additive, which is optimized for extraction of a cokes additive and can easily and effectively manufacture the additive, the method comprising: a coal pre-processing step for bringing coal into slurry by dispersing the coal in a solvent; a step for introducing a dispersed iron catalyst while pre-processing the coal; a coal liquefying step for liquefying the coal slurry by reacting the coal slurry with a cracking gas; a step for supplying a COG and/or an LNG as the cracking gas in the coal liquefying step; a separation step for separating an additive from the liquefied product; and a recycling step for supplying liquid oil obtained in the separation step to the coal pre-processing step and using the liquid oil as the solvent.

Provided is a method and apparatus for manufacturing a cokes additive, which is optimized for extraction of a cokes additive and can easily and effectively manufacture the additive, the method comprising: a coal pre-processing step for bringing coal into slurry by dispersing the coal in a solvent; a step for introducing a dispersed iron catalyst while pre-processing the coal; a coal liquefying step for liquefying the coal slurry by reacting the coal slurry with a cracking gas; a step for supplying a COG and/or an LNG as the cracking gas in the coal liquefying step; a separation step for separating an additive from the liquefied product; and a recycling step for supplying liquid oil obtained in the separation step to the coal pre-processing step and using the liquid oil as the solvent.

A process for treating a plastic waste and a spent caustic, the process comprising the steps of mixing a feed plastic and a spent caustic stream in a feed mixer to produce a mixed feed, wherein the feed plastic comprises the plastic waste in the form of plastic waste chips; introducing the mixed feed to a hydrothermal reactor; reacting the mixed feed in the hydrothermal reactor to produce an effluent, wherein chlorine is removed from the plastic waste in the presence of the sodium hydroxide, wherein the chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride and water; introducing the effluent to a washing and dewatering unit, wherein the effluent comprises liquid phase materials and solid materials, wherein the solid materials comprise dechlorinated plastics; and separating the liquid phase materials and solid materials in the washing and dewatering unit to produce a dechlorinated plastic waste and a neutralized wastewater.

A method of reducing settling of residual comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material during processing can comprise forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure which defines a substantially encapsulated volume; introducing a composite comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body, said composite hydrocarbonaceous material comprising a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material and a structural material; and heating the permeable body sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom such that the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary during heating, exclusive of subsidence and settling. The structural material can provide structural integrity to the permeable body sufficient to maintain convective flow of fluids throughout the permeable body during heating.

A method for synthesizing a hydrocarbon by reducing carbon dioxide in water, said method comprising supplying oxygen to water containing carbon dioxide to generate oxygen nanobubbles, irradiating the water containing the oxygen nanobubbles with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photocatalyst to generate active oxygen, and reducing carbon dioxide in the presence of the active oxygen.

The present disclosure relates to co-processing at least a fossil-based feed, pyrolysis liquid and a distillation residue from tall oil distillation in an oil refinery conversion process.

A process to utilize at least one water lean zone (WLZ) interspersed within a net pay zone in a reservoir and produce bitumen from the reservoir, includes using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage with Oxygen (SAGDOX) to enhance oil recovery, locating a SAGDOX oxygen injector proximate the WLZ, and removing non-condensable gases.

A method and system for quantitatively evaluating kerogen swelling oil in shale is provided. The method includes: establishing different types of kerogen molecular models, and loading each of the kerogen molecular models into a graphene slit-type pore composed of a lamellar structure; performing energy minimization (EM), relaxation and annealing to obtain a kerogen slit-type pore; loading a shale oil molecule into the kerogen slit-type pore to obtain an initial model of swelling and adsorption of shale oil in kerogen; assigning a value to a force field of the shale oil molecule and the kerogen molecule in the swelling and adsorption model to obtain a density of the kerogen and the shale oil; plotting a density curve of the kerogen and the shale oil; calculating kerogen swelling oil mass; determining per-unit kerogen swelling oil mass; and determining the kerogen swelling oil mass in different evolution stages.

A high temperature high pressure electrostatic treater and method of use are described for removing water from heavy crude oil. The electrostatic treater is comprised of a vessel with a wet bitumen inlet and water outlet in the upper portion of the vessel, a dry bitumen outlet in the lower portion of the vessel, a plurality of electrodes on an electrically isolating support inside the vessel, an entrance bushing, and an interface control to regulate the flow of water through the water outlet. The water outlet is located above the dry bitumen outlet. The electrostatic treater and method reduce the amount of diluent needed to process the heavy crude when compared to the prior art.

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.