Methods of making antidegradant compounds are disclosed in which a p-phenylenediamine is reacted with a dicarbonyl to thereby obtain a diimine, which is reduced to obtain mixtures comprising the antidegradant compound.

The present invention provides a fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following Formula. R.sup.1-[B]-[A]-CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2-[C]-[D]-R.sup.3 (R.sup.2 is a perfluoropolyether chain; [A] is Formula (2-1); [B] is Formula (2-2); [C] is Formula (3-1); [D] is Formula (3-2); R.sup.3 is Formula (4); and R.sup.1 is a terminal group.)

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The present invention concerns the use of at least one polyorganosiloxane to release air from a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil, when lubricating at least one moving part of an electric or hybrid vehicle.

A lubricant composition comprises a base oil and at least one of carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 0.4 to 9.0 nm in an amount of 0.001 to 0.08% by mass relative to a total mass of the composition, and the composition has a consistency of 200 to 440.

A fluorine-containing ether compound represented by the following formula is provided. R.sup.1CH.sub.2R.sup.2CH.sub.2R.sup.3CH.sub.2R.sup.4CH.sub.2R.sup.5

(In the formula, R.sup.3 is a divalent organic group containing at least one polar group and an alicyclic structure having 3 to 13 carbons, and does not contain a perfluoropolyether chain, R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are perfluoropolyether chains, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 are terminal groups containing two or three polar groups, in which individual polar groups are bound to different carbon atoms and the carbon atoms to which the polar groups are bound are bound to each other via a linking group containing a carbon atom to which the polar groups are not bound.)

A lubricating oil composition containing a base oil (A) and a thiadiazole-based compound (B). A content of a sulfurized olefin is less than 0.20 mass % based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition, and a kinematic viscosity of the lubricating oil composition at 100 C. is 2.1 mm.sup.2/s or more and less than 5.0 mm.sup.2/s.

Disclosed is a lubricating engine oil composition for use in down-sized boosted engines comprising a lubricating oil base stock as a major component, and at least one silane-containing compound. Also disclosed is a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine, and the use of at least one silane-containing compound in a lubricating engine oil composition for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine.

Disclosed is a lubricating engine oil composition for a direct injected, boosted, spark ignited internal combustion engine comprising from about 25 to about 3000 ppm of metal from at least one manganese-containing compound, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. Also disclosed is a method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in an engine lubricated with said lubricating engine oil composition.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a dinaphthyl ether compound represented by formula (1):

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in the formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 6 to 32 carbon atoms; m and n are each a real number of 0 or more and satisfy 1.0?m+n?3.0.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a naphthyl phenyl ether compound represented by formula (1):

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in the formula (1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each represent a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 6 to 28 carbon atoms; m and n are each a real number of 0 or more and satisfy 1.0?m+n?3.0.