Methods and compositions for making bacteriocins are described in some embodiments herein. In some embodiments, pro-polypeptide comprising the bacteriocins in the desired ratios in cis, and separated by cleavage sited can be produced by a microbial cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding the pro-polypeptide. In some embodiments microfluidic devices and methods for making specified mixtures of antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocins are described.

Cell culture systems and methods provide improved immunotherapeutic product manufacturing with greater scalability, flexibility, and automation. Cell culture systems are configured with interchangeable cartridges, allowing versatility and scalability. Systems are configured to have multiple connected cell culture chambers, which allows parallel processing of different types of cells. Gas-impermeable cell culture chambers and methods for generating cells in closed systems prevent contamination and user error. Methods for recycling cell culture medium provide additional efficiencies.

A cell culture analyzer comprises a stirring member and an air discharge and intake unit. The stirring member is used in a state of being immersed in a medium, and has a liquid discharge and intake port for discharging or drawing in the medium, and an air discharge and intake port for discharging or drawing in air in order to discharge or draw in the medium from the liquid discharge and intake port. The air discharge and intake unit is linked to the air discharge and intake port of the stirring member, and discharges or draws in the air discharged or drawn in from the air discharge and intake port.

Systems (700) and methods (800) for method of continuous fluid flow in a bioreactor (700) is provided. The method (800) comprises providing (805) a bioreactor system (700) including a bioreactor volume (720), a filtration part (730), and a recirculation line (721) including a recirculation pump (722) is provided between the bioreactor volume (720) and the filtration part (730). The method (800) further comprises providing (810) a plurality of sensors (760) along the recirculation line (721) and monitoring the fluid flow parameters using the sensors (760). The method further comprises sending (820) a plurality of signals from the sensors (760) indicative of the fluid flow parameters to one or more controllers; and controlling (830) the fluid flow rate at the recirculation pump (722) by means of the or each controller.

A process to produce graphene dual doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms through a reduction of graphene oxide by microorganisms. Also, graphene dual doped with nitrogen and sulfur atoms obtainable by this process, and the use of the doped graphene to produce e.g. electronic components or water purification equipment. The process is eco-sustainable and economic with the additional advantage of providing a product with significantly improved performance compared to known products.

The present disclosure provides a fully enclosed cell culture system, including at least an incubator, a bioreactor, a gas flow assembly, a liquid flow assembly, a temperature adjustment assembly, and a central controller. The system realizes a thermostatic incubation environment. Cells are incubated by perfusion, and a fully enclosed integrated process from cell activation, infection and amplification to finished product harvesting is achieved. By axially stirring the cells and an incubation liquid in a tank body, a radial shear force is reduced, which effectively protects the cells and improves the cell yield. In the system of the present disclosure, gases are separately introduced, ensuring that the content of each gas component is stable in the incubation process. The cell incubation is not directly affected by changes of outside gases in the cell incubation process, which improves culture efficiency.

A fluid supply interface includes at least one supply coupling configuration, at least one discharge coupling configuration, at least one user coupling configuration, and a fluid conduit that connects the supply, discharge, and user coupling configurations to one another. A supply valve is capable of having fluid flow through it or is blocked for flow through it. A discharge valve is capable of having fluid flow through it or is blocked for flow through it. The supply valve is preloaded into a blocking position that prevents flow, and opens by means of a sufficiently large pressure difference between the two sides of the supply valve, against the preload force, for flow through in a direction from the supply coupling configuration toward the fluid conduit. The discharge valve likewise being preloaded into a closed position that prevents flow through it.

A method for monitoring a biotechnological process, wherein starting materials are converted into products via a biomass and important process parameters for monitoring are identified during the process, where during the process, a current concentration of the biomass utilized in the process is recurrently estimated, current measurement values of measurable process parameters are then recurrently determined on a recurring basis and current values for additional process parameters are identified therefrom, where the current measurement values of the measurable process parameters and the current determined values of the additional process parameters are based on the respective temporally correlating concentration of biomass and where, from a combination of the current concentration of biomass and the current measurement values of the measurable process parameters and the identified current values of the additional process parameters, current, cell-specific metabolic indicators are then derived which are then used in conjunction with a deterministic process model.

Embodiments described herein generally provide for the expansion of cells in a cell expansion system using an active promotion of a coating agent(s) to a cell growth surface in some embodiments. A coating agent may be applied to a surface, such as the cell growth surface of a hollow fiber in a bioreactor, by controlling the movement of a fluid in which a coating agent is suspended, by changing flow rates, by changing flow directions, by rotation of the bioreactor, and/or combinations thereof.

A method of cultivating algal cells of an algae belonging to a class selected from Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Haptophyceae includes: irradiating the algal cells with an artificial light having a ratio of (i) photon flux density in a wavelength range of 520-630 nm to (ii) photosynthetic photon flux density, that is 65% or more; and measuring a condition of the algal cells and/or a condition of an algal cell culture provided by cultivating the algal cells. Irradiation and non-irradiation of the algal cells with the artificial light are switched, or the photon flux density in the wavelength range of 520-630 nm is changed, according to the measured condition of the algal cells and/or the measured condition of the algal cell culture.