Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

The present invention pertains to an enzymatic measurement method using an antibody-enzyme complex or a nucleic acid probe measurement method using an enzyme-labeled nucleic acid probe, in both of which the quantification of a product of a reaction by an enzyme in the antibody-enzyme complex or the enzyme-labeled nucleic acid probe is performed by generating thio-NAD(P)H by an enzymatic cycling reaction using NAD(P)H, thio-NAD(P), and a dehydrogenase (DH), and measuring the amount of the generated thio-NAD(P)H or measuring a change in color caused by the generated thio-NAD(P)H. An enzymatic reaction system in which NAD(P) generated from NAD(P)H by the enzymatic cycling reaction is selectively reduced, is caused to coexist with the enzymatic cycling reaction. The present invention also pertains to a kit for enzyme immunoassay, and a kit for nucleic acid probe measurement. In the enzymatic cycling reaction, the detection sensitivity is increased by increasing the amount of thio-NAD(P)H generated per unit time with respect to a predetermined amount of a substrate (reduced), and combining the same with an enzyme immunoassay, etc., enables quantification, etc., of a protein or nucleic acid with high sensitivity.

The present invention relates to a biosensor for determining an analyte comprising a substrate, a working electrode comprising an electrically conductive pad in conductive contact with a mediator layer, and an enzyme layer in diffusion-enabling contact with said mediator layer, wherein said mediator layer is an electrodeposited mediator layer, and wherein said mediator layer comprises, in an embodiment consists of, an electrocatalytic agent. The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a biosensor, comprising providing a substrate having at least one conductive pad, electrodepositing a mediator layer onto at least part of said conductive pad, wherein said mediator layer comprises, in an embodiment consists of, an electrocatalytic agent, and depositing an enzyme layer onto at least part of said mediator layer. Moreover, the present invention relates to uses and methods related to the biosensor of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid analyzer which prevents an increase in reagent consumption caused by a branched channel structure and on which multiple kinds of substrates having different channel numbers can be mounted. The nucleic acid analyzer according to the present invention is provided with a first substrate that comprises an inlet section connected to an introduction path, a first outlet section connected to a first discharge path, a second outlet section connected to a second discharge path, a first channel guiding a reagent from the inlet section to the first outlet section, a second channel guiding the reagent from the inlet section to the second outlet section, and a branching section branching, from the inlet section, into the first and second channels, wherein the first and second channels are connected to each other exclusively at the branching portion.

In a configuration for analyzing data of cells measured by a cell measuring apparatus, accuracy of cell classification is improved without requiring the cell measuring apparatus to have high information processing capability. A cell analysis method, using a cell analyzer for analyzing cells in accordance with an artificial intelligence algorithm, includes: obtaining the data regarding the cells measured by the cell measuring apparatus; analyzing the data to generate information regarding a cell type of each of the cells; and transmitting the information to the cell measuring apparatus.

An information processing system includes: a sample data acquisition unit that acquires, for each sample, sample data in which a first cluster and a second cluster are associated with each other, the first cluster including a plurality of sets of a biological element detected from the sample and a biological element quantity indicating a quantity of the biological element, the second cluster including a plurality of sets of a morpheme regarding text describing an environment in which the sample is present and an appearance frequency of the morpheme; and a generation unit that analyzes a plurality of pieces of the sample data with the biological element quantity and the appearance frequency as parameters and generates information indicating a relationship between the environment and the first cluster.

An information processing system includes: a sample data acquisition unit that acquires, for each sample, sample data in which a first cluster and a second cluster are associated with each other, the first cluster including a plurality of sets of a biological element detected from the sample and a biological element quantity indicating a quantity of the biological element, the second cluster including a plurality of sets of a morpheme regarding text describing an environment in which the sample is present and an appearance frequency of the morpheme; and a generation unit that analyzes a plurality of pieces of the sample data with the biological element quantity and the appearance frequency as parameters and generates information indicating a relationship between the environment and the first cluster.

Disclosed are sensors and related methods for measuring enzyme activity in a measurement environment and for quantifying enzyme and/or microbe concentrations in the measurement environment. An enzyme activity sensor includes a degradable conductive trace and a biodegradable target configured to enable the conductive trace, in an initial state, to conduct electrical current between first and second terminal ends via conductive particles. The conductive trace is configured to degrade over time as a result of enzymatic activity that degrades the biodegradable target when the sensor is placed in a measurement environment, the enzymatic activity thereby increasing resistance between the first and second terminal ends

An electrode (1), the electrode (1) comprises a substrate (4, 5) on which is located a porous layer of a conducting or semi-conducting oxide (6) and having located thereon Ferredoxin NADP Reductase (FNR) (3). The electrode (1) can be used to drive organic synthesis via nicotinamide cofactor regeneration.

A method for using saliva to measure at least one substance or physiological parameter of a human or animal subject may involve inserting a first end of a sensor into a handheld saliva testing device. The method may also involve receiving saliva from the subject on a second end of the sensor, moving the saliva from the second end of the sensor to the first end, and processing the saliva with the handheld saliva testing device to provide initial saliva data related to the at least one substance or physiological parameter of the subject. In some embodiments, the sensor remains inserted in the handheld device while the subject deposits saliva on the opposite, free end of the sensor.