The present disclosure provides nucleic acids encoding a Large ATP-binding regulator of the LuxR family (LAL) of transcription factors, vectors and host cells including such nucleic acids, and methods for producing compounds (e.g., polyketides or -lactam compounds) with such nucleic acids, vectors, and/or host cells.

Disclosed herein are enzymes and organisms useful for the dealkylation of products derived from lignin depolymerization, including the conversion of guaiacol or guaethol to catechol or the conversion of anisole to phenol. Methods of converting guaiacol or guaethol to catechol or anisole to phenol using enzymes or organisms expressing the same are also disclosed.

Systems and methods for picture segmentation through columns and slices in video encoding and decoding. A video picture is divided into a plurality of columns, each column covering only a part of the video picture in a horizontal dimension. All coded tree blocks (CTBs) belonging to a slice may belong to one or more columns. The columns may be used to break the same or different prediction or in-loop filtering mechanisms of the video coding, and the CTB scan order used for encoding and/or decoding may be local to a column. Column widths may be indicated in a parameter set and/or may be adjusted at the slice level. At the decoder, column width may be parsed from the bitstream, and slice decoding may occur in one or more columns.

Systems and methods for picture segmentation through columns and slices in video encoding and decoding. A video picture is divided into a plurality of columns, each column covering only a part of the video picture in a horizontal dimension. All coded tree blocks (CTBs) belonging to a slice may belong to one or more columns. The columns may be used to break the same or different prediction or in-loop filtering mechanisms of the video coding, and the CTB scan order used for encoding and/or decoding may be local to a column. Column widths may be indicated in a parameter set and/or may be adjusted at the slice level. At the decoder, column width may be parsed from the bitstream, and slice decoding may occur in one or more columns.

Disclosed herein are enzymes and organisms useful for the dealkylation of products derived from lignin depolymerization, including the conversion of guaiacol or guaethol to catechol or the conversion of anisole to phenol. Methods of converting guaiacol or guaethol to catechol or anisole to phenol using enzymes or organisms expressing the same are also disclosed.

Described are techniques in video coding and/or decoding that allow for selectively breaking prediction and/or in loop filtering across segment boundaries between different segments of a video picture. A high layer syntax element, such as a parameter set or a slice header, may contain one or more indications signalling to an encoder and/or decoder whether an associated prediction or loop filtering tool may be applied across the segment boundary. In response to such one or more indications, the encoder and/or decoder may then control the prediction or loop filtering tool accordingly.

Provided are non-naturally occurring polynucleotide sequences that encode for polypeptides useful in ergoline biosynthesis, as well as the non-naturally occurring polypeptide sequences. Also provided are recombinant host cell and methods for microbial biosynthesis of an ergoline, or a precursor or metabolite thereof, using the recombinant host cell.

Provided are cytochrome P450 polypeptides, including cytochrome P450 santalene oxidase polypeptides, cytochrome P450 bergamotene oxidase polypeptides and cytochrome P450 reductase polypeptides. Also provided are nucleic acid molecules encoding the cytochrome P450 polypeptides. Cells containing the nucleic acids and/or the polypeptides are provided as are methods for producing terpenes, such as santalols and bergamotols, by culturing the cells.

The invention relates to methods for producing mogrosides with the aid of enzymes. In particular the invention proposes various biosynthetic pathways useful for mogroside production and enzymes useful for mogroside production are provided. Furthermore, the invention provides recombinant hosts useful in performing the methods of the invention.

An object of the present invention is to provide DNA of a glycoalkaloid biosynthetic enzyme of a solanaceous plant (Solanaceae) such as a potato. The present invention relates to a protein having glycoalkaloid biosynthetic enzyme activity of a solanaceous plant such as a potato and a method for producing/detecting a novel organism using a gene encoding the protein.