A crystallization apparatus for a crystallization of a preliminary product. The crystallization apparatus includes an inlet for receiving the preliminary product, a rotary drive, and a rotatable receiving unit having, on an upper side thereof, a circular surface and/or an annular surface for the crystallization so that, when the rotatable receiving unit is rotated, the preliminary product received can be recrystallized in a defined manner on the circular surface and/or the annular surface and can be discharged as a crystallized product.

Disclosed is a method of inhibiting isomerization of a reducing saccharide in an aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide upon thermal treatment of said aqueous saccharide solution by acidifying the aqueous saccharide solution prior to its thermal treatment, and the use of the thermally treated aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide for producing a biological product.

Disclosed is a method of inhibiting isomerization of a reducing saccharide in an aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide upon thermal treatment of said aqueous saccharide solution by acidifying the aqueous saccharide solution prior to its thermal treatment, and the use of the thermally treated aqueous solution containing said reducing saccharide for producing a biological product.

The invention relates to the enzymatic preparation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). Provided is a method for preparing GOS from lactose, comprising (i) contacting a lactose feed with immobilized beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and (ii) allowing for GOS synthesis, wherein said lactose feed is an aqueous slurry of crystalline lactose.

The invention relates to the enzymatic preparation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). Provided is a method for preparing GOS from lactose, comprising (i) contacting a lactose feed with immobilized beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) and (ii) allowing for GOS synthesis, wherein said lactose feed is an aqueous slurry of crystalline lactose.

The present invention provides a process of producing a lactose concentrate, said process comprising the step of subjecting a partially demineralised aqueous lactose isolate to electrodialysis to produce a biotin-reduced lactose isolate containing at least 90% lactose by weight of dry matter and less than 2 mg ash per gram of lactose, and containing: 0.02-1.5 mg sodium per gram of lactose; 0.02-2 mg potassium per gram of lactose; 0.05-1.5 mg chloride per gram of lactose; 0.01-0.25 g biotin per gram of lactose.

The present invention also relates to a demineralised lactose concentrate having a reduced biotin content that can be produced by the aforementioned process. The invention further relates to an oligosaccharide-enriched biotin-reduced fraction that is obtained when lactose is separated before or after the electrodialysis step.

The present invention provides a process of producing a lactose concentrate, said process comprising the step of subjecting a partially demineralised aqueous lactose isolate to electrodialysis to produce a biotin-reduced lactose isolate containing at least 90% lactose by weight of dry matter and less than 2 mg ash per gram of lactose, and containing: 0.02-1.5 mg sodium per gram of lactose; 0.02-2 mg potassium per gram of lactose; 0.05-1.5 mg chloride per gram of lactose; 0.01-0.25 g biotin per gram of lactose.

The present invention also relates to a demineralised lactose concentrate having a reduced biotin content that can be produced by the aforementioned process. The invention further relates to an oligosaccharide-enriched biotin-reduced fraction that is obtained when lactose is separated before or after the electrodialysis step.

Provided are, a spherical powder aggregate which is formed from a material including a core material, a binder, and a thickener, and which has a particle size of 1.0-6.0 mm, a breaking strength of 5.0-25.0 N, and a strain ratio of 6.0-30.0%; and a production method for the spherical powder aggregate.

Provided are, a spherical powder aggregate which is formed from a material including a core material, a binder, and a thickener, and which has a particle size of 1.0-6.0 mm, a breaking strength of 5.0-25.0 N, and a strain ratio of 6.0-30.0%; and a production method for the spherical powder aggregate.

The invention is directed to a method for recovering lactose from an aqueous lactose solution comprising a concentration step, wherein water is removed from the aqueous lactose solution by freezing out water at a temperature below the eutectic temperature of the aqueous lactose solution and at a lactose concentration higher than the eutectic concentration of the aqueous lactose solution, thereby obtaining a concentrated lactose solution; and a crystallization step, wherein at least part of the concentrated lactose solution is subjected to crystallization at a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the concentrated lactose solution, thereby obtaining lactose crystals.