The invention is directed to a method for recovering lactose from an aqueous lactose solution comprising a concentration step, wherein water is removed from the aqueous lactose solution by freezing out water at a temperature below the eutectic temperature of the aqueous lactose solution and at a lactose concentration higher than the eutectic concentration of the aqueous lactose solution, thereby obtaining a concentrated lactose solution; and a crystallization step, wherein at least part of the concentrated lactose solution is subjected to crystallization at a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the concentrated lactose solution, thereby obtaining lactose crystals.

The present invention provides a novel, simple and reliable method for the separation of carbohydrate tautomers. The method comprises steps of chromatographically separating a sample using a chromatographic device. The method can be used to separate mono- and disaccharides tautomeric species including arabinose, xylose, fructose, mannose, galactose, glucose, lactose, and maltose.

A system for drying a wet lactose product stream includes a disperser configured to disperse agglomerated lactose particulates in a wet lactose stream into a dispersed wet lactose stream. A back-mixed partial drying zone is configured to at least partially dry the dispersed wet lactose stream by recirculating a partially dried lactose stream with the dispersed wet lactose stream. A plug-flow secondary drying zone is configured to dry the partially dried lactose stream to generate a substantially dried lactose stream.

The disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for removing a yellow color of riboflavin in a lactose solution. The methods include exposing a lactose solution (e.g. milk) containing riboflavin to light under conditions that breakdown riboflavin comprised within the solution to thereby remove the yellow color of riboflavin. The conditions that breakdown include a specific wavelength of light (e.g. light having a wavelength of 360-475 nm) and a specific temperature range (e.g. a temperature of 0-80? C.). In certain embodiments, the duration of the treatment is such that the lactose solution is exposed to a total of 5-20 kW of light.

The disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for removing a yellow color of riboflavin in a lactose solution. The methods include exposing a lactose solution (e.g. milk) containing riboflavin to light under conditions that breakdown riboflavin comprised within the solution to thereby remove the yellow color of riboflavin. The conditions that breakdown include a specific wavelength of light (e.g. light having a wavelength of 360-475 nm) and a specific temperature range (e.g. a temperature of 0-80? C.). In certain embodiments, the duration of the treatment is such that the lactose solution is exposed to a total of 5-20 kW of light.

A sugar liquid or solid sugar is derived from cellulose-containing biomass or blackstrap molasses, wherein content of one or more free amino acids selected from the group consisting of serine, threonine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, phenyl alanine, lysine, and histidine, which are impurities, is below the limit of detection.

A sugar liquid or solid sugar is derived from cellulose-containing biomass or blackstrap molasses, wherein content of one or more free amino acids selected from the group consisting of serine, threonine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, phenyl alanine, lysine, and histidine, which are impurities, is below the limit of detection.

The present invention relates to a novel beta-galactosidase, and more particularly to a novel beta-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans, a gene encoding the beta-galactosidase, a recombinant vector and a recombinant microorganism, which contain the gene, a method for producing a beta-galactosidase using the recombinant microorganism, and a method for producing galactooligosaccharide using the beta-galactosidase. The use of the novel beta-galactosidase according to the present invention makes it possible to efficiently produce a large amount of galactooligosaccharide.

The invention is concerned with a batch method for obtaining crystallized lactose and arrangement configured for executing the method. The method comprises obtaining initially, from a lactose crystallization process, mother liquor and wash water generated in that process. The obtained mother liquor and wash water are collected and not discarded. Thereafter, the collected mother liquor and wash water are subjected to purification and concentration in a batch process contrary to the known continuous processes, performed independently of the lactose crystallization process. Aqueous solutions comprising lactose obtained as a result of the independent purification and concentration process accordingly, comprise reduced amounts of the impurities usually comprised in the by-products of the lactose crystallization process. The aqueous solution comprising lactose can then be collected and re-used as a lactose source in a lactose crystallization process, either on the same process equipment which supplied the original batch or on separate equipment. The method of the invention minimizes loss of lactose in one or more waste streams.

The invention is concerned with a batch method for obtaining crystallized lactose and arrangement configured for executing the method. The method comprises obtaining initially, from a lactose crystallization process, mother liquor and wash water generated in that process. The obtained mother liquor and wash water are collected and not discarded. Thereafter, the collected mother liquor and wash water are subjected to purification and concentration in a batch process contrary to the known continuous processes, performed independently of the lactose crystallization process. Aqueous solutions comprising lactose obtained as a result of the independent purification and concentration process accordingly, comprise reduced amounts of the impurities usually comprised in the by-products of the lactose crystallization process. The aqueous solution comprising lactose can then be collected and re-used as a lactose source in a lactose crystallization process, either on the same process equipment which supplied the original batch or on separate equipment. The method of the invention minimizes loss of lactose in one or more waste streams.