A redox flow battery system includes an anolyte; a catholyte; a first electrode structure including a base having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, a first electrode disposed on the first surface, a second electrode disposed on the second surface, and conductive elements that extend through the base, wherein the base resists flow of anolyte and catholyte through the base and each of the conductive elements includes a first end portion exposed at the first surface and a second end portion exposed at the second surface, wherein the first electrode includes the first end portions of the conductive elements and the second electrode includes the second end portions of the conductive elements; a first half-cell in which the first electrode is in contact with the anolyte; and a second half-cell in which the second electrode is in contact with the catholyte.

A redox flow battery system includes an anolyte having chromium ions in solution, wherein at least a portion of the chromium ions form a chromium complex with at least one of the following: NH.sub.3, NH.sub.4.sup.+, CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2, SCN.sup.−, or CS(NH.sub.2).sub.2; a catholyte having iron ions in solution; a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte; a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte; and a first separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell.

One embodiment is a redox flow battery system that includes an anolyte; a catholyte; an anolyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the anolyte; a catholyte tank configured for holding at least a portion of the catholyte; a primary redox flow battery arrangement, and a second redox flow battery arrangement. The primary and secondary redox flow battery arrangements share the anolyte and catholyte tanks and each includes a first half-cell including a first electrode in contact with the anolyte, a second half-cell including a second electrode in contact with the catholyte, a separator separating the first half-cell from the second half-cell, an anolyte pump, and a catholyte pump. The peak power delivery capacity of the secondary redox flow battery arrangement is less than the peak power delivery capacity of the primary redox flow battery arrangement.

A method and apparatus for producing solid alloy components from its liquid state are provided. The molten alloy is rapidly cooled using a chill to temperatures below the thermosolutal transition temperature of the alloy. Finite-amplitude acoustic vibration is applied on the chill to shake off dendrites that form on the chill surface, to stir the slurry containing the fragments of dendrites, and to shake off slurry material that sticks on the surface of the chill as the chill is separating from the slurry. The slurry is then immediately poured into a chamber of a forming machine or a mold cavity shaped into solid components.

A method of producing an amorphous alloy ribbon having a composition of Fe.sub.100-a-bB.sub.aSi.sub.bC.sub.c (13.0 atom %≤a≤16.0 atom %, 2.5 atom %≤b≤5.0 atom %, 0.20 atom %≤c≤0.35 atom %, and 79.0 atom %≤(100-a-b)≤83.0 atom %) includes: preparing an alloy ribbon; and, in a state in which the alloy ribbon is tensioned with a tensile stress of from 5 MPa to 100 MPa, increasing a temperature of the alloy ribbon to from 410° C. to 480° C., at an average temperature increase rate of from 50° C./sec to less than 800° C./sec, and decreasing a temperature of the thus heated alloy ribbon to a temperature of a heat transfer medium for temperature-decreasing, at an average temperature decrease rate of from 120° C./sec to less than 600° C./sec, with performing the increase and decrease of temperature being performed by contacting the traveling alloy ribbon with a heat transfer medium.

The present disclosure provides a system for improving wear resistance of a downhole tool component using a bonded diamond compact (BDC) construct. The BDC construct includes a BDC element and an encapsulation layer bonded to the BDC element. The encapsulation layer may fully encapsulate the BDC element. The downhole tool component may be a drill bit, push the bit pad, or mud motor beating assembly. The BDC construct may be disposed in a plug section of the downhole tool component. The encapsulation layer may form an insulating layer over the BDC element to protect the BDC element from thermal damage during hard-facing or brazing of the BDC construct to the downhole tool component.

A process for producing an amorphous ductile brazing foil is provided. According to one example embodiment, the method includes providing a molten mass, and rapidly solidifying the molten mass on a moving cooling surface with a cooling speed of more than approximately 10.sup.5° C./sec to produce an amorphous ductile brazing foil. A process for joining two or more parts is also provided. The process includes inserting a brazing foil between two or more parts to be joined, wherein the parts to be joined have a higher melting temperature than that the brazing foil to form a solder joint and the brazing foil comprises an amorphous, ductile Ni-based brazing foil; heating the solder joint to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the brazing foil to form a heated solder joint; and cooling the heated solder joint, thereby forming a brazed joint between the parts to be joined.

A structure in which a plurality of particles each containing a hydrogen absorption metal element are arranged in a fixed member such that the plurality of particles are apart from each other. An entire surface of each of the plurality of particles is surrounded by the fixed member. The fixed member contains at least one of an oxide and a nitride.

The present invention relates generally to forming a threaded neck in a metal bottle manufactured by a process known as impact extrusion. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods, apparatus and alloy compositions used in the impact extrusion manufacturing of containers and other articles with sufficient strength characteristics to allow threading the container necks to receive a threaded closure on the threaded neck.

The present invention relates generally to forming a threaded neck in a metal bottle manufactured by a process known as impact extrusion. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods, apparatus and alloy compositions used in the impact extrusion manufacturing of containers and other articles with sufficient strength characteristics to allow threading the container necks to receive a threaded closure on the threaded neck.