A method for producing a carbon composite material to reduce costs; and a carbon composite material includes a dealloying step of immersing a carbon-containing material composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon in a metal bath, the metal bath having a solidification point lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the metal bath being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to carbon by decreasing other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath to form a carbon member having microvoids; and a cooling step performed with the microvoids of the carbon member including a component of the metal bath to solidify the component. The carbon composite material combining carbon with the metal bath component that has solidified is thereby obtained.

A method for producing a carbon composite material to reduce costs; and a carbon composite material includes a dealloying step of immersing a carbon-containing material composed of a compound, alloy or non-equilibrium alloy containing carbon in a metal bath, the metal bath having a solidification point lower than a melting point of the carbon-containing material, the metal bath being controlled to a lower temperature than a minimum value of a liquidus temperature within a compositional fluctuation range extending from the carbon-containing material to carbon by decreasing other non-carbon main components, to thereby selectively elute the other non-carbon main components into the metal bath to form a carbon member having microvoids; and a cooling step performed with the microvoids of the carbon member including a component of the metal bath to solidify the component. The carbon composite material combining carbon with the metal bath component that has solidified is thereby obtained.

The ability to generate complex gallium alloys using metal amides, Ga(NR.sub.2).sub.3 and M(NR.sub.2).sub.n, is easily accomplished by heating the two metal amides in predetermined ratios. The product can be isolated as Ga.sub.xM.sub.y where x and y can vary.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5 C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5 C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

Provided in one embodiment is a method of identifying a stable phase of an ordering binary alloy system comprising a solute element and a solvent element, the method comprising: determining at least three thermodynamic parameters associated with grain boundary segregation, phase separation, and intermetallic compound formation of the ordering binary alloy system; and identifying the stable phase of the ordering binary alloy system based on the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter by comparing the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter with a predetermined set of respective thermodynamic parameters to identify the stable phase; wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

Provided in one embodiment is a method of identifying a stable phase of an ordering binary alloy system comprising a solute element and a solvent element, the method comprising: determining at least three thermodynamic parameters associated with grain boundary segregation, phase separation, and intermetallic compound formation of the ordering binary alloy system; and identifying the stable phase of the ordering binary alloy system based on the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter by comparing the first thermodynamic parameter, the second thermodynamic parameter and the third thermodynamic parameter with a predetermined set of respective thermodynamic parameters to identify the stable phase; wherein the stable phase is one of a stable nanocrystalline phase, a metastable nanocrystalline phase, and a non-nanocrystalline phase.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a production method of a calcium-based metallic glass alloy molded body for medical use which has a biodegradable property, has a mechanical strength equal to or higher than that of metal materials, and enables complex molding and a wide range of applications. The calcium-based metallic glass alloy molded body for medical use is produced by mixing a metal powder including a calcium powder, alloying the mixed metal powder, and sintering the alloyed mixed metal powder.

Process for preparing a metal containing layer, the process comprising (i) at least one step of co-vaporization, at a pressure which is lower than 10.sup.?2 Pa, of a) at least one first metal selected from Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs and b) at least one second metal selected Mg, Zn, Hg, Cd and Te from a metal alloy provided in a first vaporization source which is heated to a temperature between 100? C. and 600? C., and (ii) at least one subsequent step of deposition of the first metal on a surface having a temperature which is below the temperature of the first vaporization source, wherein in step (i), the alloy is provided at least partly in form of a homogeneous phase comprising the first metal and the second metal, electronic devices comprising such materials and process for preparing the same.

A negative active material includes a silicon-based alloy, wherein the silicon-based alloy includes silicon (Si); a first metal (M.sub.1) selected from titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and germanium (Ge), and at least one additional element (A), which is included in the silicon-based alloy and on a surface of silicon-based alloy, selected from carbon (C), boron (B), sodium (Na), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), and chlorine (Cl), and the silicon-based alloy has an internal porosity of about 35% or less. A lithium battery including the negative active material may have improved lifespan characteristics.