An on-line solution heat treatment process for austenitic stainless steel plates is disclosed, which comprises continuous casting billet heating, high pressure water dephosphorization, rough rolling, finish rolling, softening process, ultra fast cooling, straightening, cutting to length, shot peening, pickling. The process of the present invention makes full use of the residual rolling temperature, without the need of reheating steel plates from the room temperature to the solid solution temperature. Compared with the conventional steel plate rolling process, the process needs to perform the softening process on the steel plates after rolling to ensure that the deformed austenite is fully softened before cooling. After the softening process, ultra fast cooling is performed to cool the steel plates from above 800° C. to below 430° C. so as to prevent intergranular chromium depletion caused by a large amount of precipitation of high chromium carbides from affecting the stain resistance of stainless steel.

A steel sheet that is welded and then cold rolled to a thickness between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, the deformation ratio created by cold rolling in the base metal is equal to ε.sub.MB, for which the deformation ratio created by the cold rolling in the welded joint is equal to ε.sub.S, where:

[00001]$0.4\le \frac{\mathrm{.Math.S}}{\mathrm{.Math.}MB}<0.7.$

A steel sheet that is welded and then cold rolled to a thickness between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, the deformation ratio created by cold rolling in the base metal is equal to ε.sub.MB, for which the deformation ratio created by the cold rolling in the welded joint is equal to ε.sub.S, where:

[00001]$0.4\le \frac{\mathrm{.Math.S}}{\mathrm{.Math.}MB}<0.7.$

A method for surface treatment of a metal substrate, suitable for use as electrode support in electrochemical processes by: (a) immersion of the metal substrate and of at least one counter electrode in an electrolyte selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, boric acid or sulfuric acid at a weight concentration of between 10-40%; (b) application of an anodic current density to the metal substrate of between 0.1 and 30 A/dm.sup.2 for a time of between 0.5 and 120 minutes. An electrode for gas evolution in electrochemical processes obtained from a correspondingly treated substrate.

A composition, kit and method useful in a multi-stage washing method for cleaning an aluminum or aluminum alloy containers while reducing hazardous exposure of workers to toxic levels of hydrogen fluoride or ammonium bifluoride employs a stable, neutralized ammonium bifluoride-containing accelerator solution for addition to an acidic wash solution.

Provided are a hot rolled steel sheet having excellent crashworthiness and a method for manufacturing same. The hot rolled steel sheet of the present invention contains, in weight %, 0.05-0.13% of carbon (C), 0.2-2.0% of silicon (Si), 1.3-3.0% of manganese (Mn), 0.01-0.1% of aluminum (Al), 0.001-0.05% of phosphor (P), 0.001-0.05% of sulfur (S), 0.001-0.02% of nitrogen (N), and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities, and has a steel microstructure comprising, in area %, 55% or more of bainitic ferrite, 10% or more of a martensite/austenite composite phase (MA), the sum of the bainitic ferrite and the martensite/austenite composite phase (MA) being 95% or more, and the remaining total being less than 5% of granular ferrite, retained austenite, and carbides.

Provided are a hot rolled steel sheet having excellent crashworthiness and a method for manufacturing same. The hot rolled steel sheet of the present invention contains, in weight %, 0.05-0.13% of carbon (C), 0.2-2.0% of silicon (Si), 1.3-3.0% of manganese (Mn), 0.01-0.1% of aluminum (Al), 0.001-0.05% of phosphor (P), 0.001-0.05% of sulfur (S), 0.001-0.02% of nitrogen (N), and the balance being Fe and other inevitable impurities, and has a steel microstructure comprising, in area %, 55% or more of bainitic ferrite, 10% or more of a martensite/austenite composite phase (MA), the sum of the bainitic ferrite and the martensite/austenite composite phase (MA) being 95% or more, and the remaining total being less than 5% of granular ferrite, retained austenite, and carbides.

A steel sheet for crown cap having excellent formability from which a crown cap having an excellent pressure resistance can be produced without an expensive soft liner even if the steel sheet is subjected to sheet metal thinning, the steel sheet having: a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C: more than 0.006% and 0.012% or less, Si: 0.02% or less, Mn: 0.10% or more and 0.60% or less, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.01% or more and 0.07% or less, and N: 0.0080% or more and 0.0200% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and a percentage of a region of more than 0% and less than 20% at a position of ½ of a sheet thickness, the region having a dislocation density of 1×10.sup.14 m.sup.−2 or less.

A steel sheet for crown cap having excellent formability from which a crown cap having an excellent pressure resistance can be produced without an expensive soft liner even if the steel sheet is subjected to sheet metal thinning, the steel sheet having: a chemical composition containing, in mass %, C: more than 0.006% and 0.012% or less, Si: 0.02% or less, Mn: 0.10% or more and 0.60% or less, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.01% or more and 0.07% or less, and N: 0.0080% or more and 0.0200% or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and a percentage of a region of more than 0% and less than 20% at a position of ½ of a sheet thickness, the region having a dislocation density of 1×10.sup.14 m.sup.−2 or less.

[Object]

To provide a roughened nickel-plated material in which the formation unevenness such as generation of the unevenness or grooves in a roughened nickel plated layer is restrained.

[Solving Means]

A roughened nickel-plated material including a base material that is a rolled material, and a roughened nickel plated layer formed on at least one surface of the base material, in which SRzjis of the surface of the roughened nickel plated layer is equal to or more than 2 μm, and, letting a maximum height of the roughened nickel plated layer be SRz, a valley region B in a given virtual planer region A as observed at a height position of SRz×0.25 satisfies the following (i). (i) The length of the valley region B in the rolling direction RD of the base material is less than 40 μm in a direct distance.