A treatment device for single-stage treatment of a metal object to be treated by at least the steps of pickling and phosphating. The treatment device comprises at least the following: a treatment container for receiving the object to be treated and for receiving a flowable treatment substance; and a pump device for exchanging at least a fraction of the treatment substance. The treatment substance is flowable around at least one part of the object to be treated. The treatment substance comprises a phosphor- or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid. The phosphor- or phosphate-containing solution consists partly of water and partly of a reaction substance, and the reaction substance consists of phosphor or a phosphate and an additional treatment effect-improving substance. The proportion of the phosphor or phosphate in the reaction substance is at least 95%, and the reaction substance does not have a salt acid or sulfuric acid content.

A treatment device is provided for single-stage treatment of a metal object, wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating of the object. The treatment device comprises a treatment container for holding the object to be treated and for holding a flowable treatment substance, and a pumping apparatus for circulating at least a portion of the treatment substance. The treatment substance is flowable around at least part of the object to be treated, and the treatment substance is a phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution. The phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution consists of water and a reaction substance, and the reaction substance consists of phosphorus or of a phosphate and at least one additional substance that improves the treatment effect. The fraction of the phosphorous or the phosphate in the reaction substance is between 75 vol % to 94 vol %, and the reaction substance has no fractions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

A treatment device is provided for single-stage treatment of a metal object, wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating of the object. The treatment device comprises a treatment container for holding the object to be treated and for holding a flowable treatment substance, and a pumping apparatus for circulating at least a portion of the treatment substance. The treatment substance is flowable around at least part of the object to be treated, and the treatment substance is a phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution. The phosphorus- or phosphate-containing solution consists of water and a reaction substance, and the reaction substance consists of phosphorus or of a phosphate and at least one additional substance that improves the treatment effect. The fraction of the phosphorous or the phosphate in the reaction substance is between 75 vol % to 94 vol %, and the reaction substance has no fractions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

A cleaning device is configured to include a first cleaning tank that holds water to which a small amount of an additive is added as a first cleaning fluid, a second cleaning tank that holds water, a water-based cleaning agent, an alkaline cleaning fluid, or a hydrophilic organic solvent as a second cleaning fluid, a first microscopic air bubble generation device, a first circulating pump, an ultrasonic wave emitting device, and a carrier device. Hydrophobic oil is removed by a cleaning target being exposed to the first cleaning fluid including microscopic air bubbles sprayed from a nozzle in an interior of the first cleaning tank, after which hydrophilic oil is removed by ultrasonic cleaning in the second cleaning tank.

A cleaning device is configured to include a first cleaning tank that holds water to which a small amount of an additive is added as a first cleaning fluid, a second cleaning tank that holds water, a water-based cleaning agent, an alkaline cleaning fluid, or a hydrophilic organic solvent as a second cleaning fluid, a first microscopic air bubble generation device, a first circulating pump, an ultrasonic wave emitting device, and a carrier device. Hydrophobic oil is removed by a cleaning target being exposed to the first cleaning fluid including microscopic air bubbles sprayed from a nozzle in an interior of the first cleaning tank, after which hydrophilic oil is removed by ultrasonic cleaning in the second cleaning tank.

An indexing conveyor system including a work station skipping device. The conveyor system has a rail situated above a plurality of same-length work stations along a path of conveyance. The work station skipping device is operable to engage a load and transfer the load from a first conveyor carriage to a second, further downstream carriage for advancing more than one work station length so that the load skips over a predetermined one of the plurality of work stations.

Systems and methods are provided for removing ferrous debris from a vehicle assembly in an alkaline degreaser bath. A degreaser tank is configured in shape and size to accommodate a degreasing cleaning of vehicle assemblies. A conveyor system may selectively transfer vehicle assemblies into and out of the degreaser tank. A flushing system includes a plurality of debris removal flushing stations strategically located at side walls of the degreaser tank. Each station includes a set of electromagnets adjacent to an exterior of the degreaser tank to attract metal debris to a collection area at an interior wall, opposite the set of electromagnets. A drain port is located at the side wall, below the electromagnets. A supply line is provided above the electromagnets to selectively provide degreaser toward and direct debris to the drain port. A controller engages each debris removal flushing station based on a predetermined cycle.

A rotating drum of a rotating drum-type workpiece cleaning device is provided with feed fins that extend helically along the inner circumferential surface of the drum body. The feed fins are, for example, fins in which metal sheets have been folded. On both sides of the feed fins, the angle of the internal corner between the feed fin and the inner circumferential surface of the drum body is an obtuse angle, for example, about 120 degrees. It is possible to prevent or limit the trapping of conveyed workpiece in the internal corner and trapping between adjacent fin sections.

A rotating drum of a rotating drum-type workpiece cleaning device is provided with feed fins that extend helically along the inner circumferential surface of the drum body. The feed fins are, for example, fins in which metal sheets have been folded. On both sides of the feed fins, the angle of the internal corner between the feed fin and the inner circumferential surface of the drum body is an obtuse angle, for example, about 120 degrees. It is possible to prevent or limit the trapping of conveyed workpiece in the internal corner and trapping between adjacent fin sections.

A method for washing an article to remove contaminations such as oils and fats, foreign substances and the like from a surface of the article is provided. The washing method comprises the steps of: cooling a washing solution to obtain a super-cooled washing solution; heating an article to increase its surface temperature to the temperature which is not lower than the boiling point of the washing solution; and washing and drying the article concurrently, while spraying the super-cooled washing solution to the heated article. The washing apparatus for carrying out this washing method is also provided. Using these washing method and apparatus, it becomes possible to downsize a scale of the washing apparatus, and to operate the washing apparatus under the energy-saving conditions as a result of reduction in an amount of the consumed energies, and the washing process at an accelerated speed.