An electrochemical machining apparatus being capable of performing multiple points and multiple angles machining is provided. The electrochemical machining apparatus includes at least one electrode member, a guiding member and an actuation member. The electrode member includes a conductive end and a free end, wherein the electrode member is rigid and unbendable. The guiding member is for limiting and guiding the electrode member to move. The actuation member is for exerting a force to the free end of the electrode member, thereby enabling the conductive end of the electrode member to form angle variations. A force-exerting direction from the actuation member to the free end is parallel to a central axis of the electrode member or deflects off the central axis so as to form the angle variations.

An electrochemical machining apparatus being capable of performing multiple points and multiple angles machining is provided. The electrochemical machining apparatus includes at least one electrode member, a guiding member and an actuation member. The electrode member includes a conductive end and a free end, wherein the electrode member is rigid and unbendable. The guiding member is for limiting and guiding the electrode member to move. The actuation member is for exerting a force to the free end of the electrode member, thereby enabling the conductive end of the electrode member to form angle variations. A force-exerting direction from the actuation member to the free end is parallel to a central axis of the electrode member or deflects off the central axis so as to form the angle variations.

A method for subjecting garment accessories to a surface electrolytic treatment provides various metallic colors to metallic garment accessories in a cost effective manner. The method can provide a first metallic color on one side of outer surface of the garment accessory and provide a second metallic color on the other side of the outer surface, by placing one or more metallic garment accessories in an electrolytic solution in a non-contact state with an anode and a cathode for passing electric current through the electrolytic solution, passing electric current through the electrolytic solution and generating a bipolar phenomenon on the garment accessory.

The invention discloses a continuous electrochemical machining apparatus, which comprises an electrode wheel and an auxiliary module. The auxiliary module pushes the material tape to the insulating part of the electrode wheel. The electrode wheel drives the material tape to move. Electrochemical machining is performed on the material tape using at least a conductive pattern of the electrode wheel for forming a plurality of patterns on the material tape. Thereby, continuous electrochemical machining can be performed on the material tape.

The invention discloses a continuous electrochemical machining apparatus, which comprises an electrode wheel and an auxiliary module. The auxiliary module pushes the material tape to the insulating part of the electrode wheel. The electrode wheel drives the material tape to move. Electrochemical machining is performed on the material tape using at least a conductive pattern of the electrode wheel for forming a plurality of patterns on the material tape. Thereby, continuous electrochemical machining can be performed on the material tape.

An electrolytic treatment system to decontaminate the surface of a radioactively contaminated metallic workpiece has at least two electrodes in close proximity to the surface but not in direct electrical contact. The electrodes are separated from the surface by an electrolyte. Insulation is provided in the electrolyte between the electrodes to avoid or minimize a direct current path between the electrodes though the electrolyte.

Nanopore arrays are fabricated by controlled breakdown in solid-state membranes integrated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices. This technique enables the scalable production of independently addressable nanopores. By confining the electric field within the microfluidic architecture, nanopore fabrication is precisely localized and electrical noise is significantly reduced during sensing.

Nanopore arrays are fabricated by controlled breakdown in solid-state membranes integrated within polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices. This technique enables the scalable production of independently addressable nanopores. By confining the electric field within the microfluidic architecture, nanopore fabrication is precisely localized and electrical noise is significantly reduced during sensing.

An electrode device is provided with a closed part facing a bottom part of a bottomed hole when inserted inside the bottomed hole, and a flow through hole linking the inside and outside of the electrode device is formed in the electrode device. When surface treatment is implemented on the inner wall surface of the bottomed hole, the hollow electrode device is inserted into the inside of the bottomed hole, the electrolytic treatment solution is made to flow through the space inside the bottomed hole, and power is applied across the electrode device and the inner wall surface of the bottomed hole. The closed part faces the bottom part of the bottomed hole as an electrode across a prescribed surface area; therefore, electroplating at the bottom part of the bottomed hole proceeds to the same extent as other sites.

A method for electropolishing a manufactured metallic article, the method comprising: contacting the metallic article with an electropolishing electrolyte; and electropolishing the metallic article in the electropolishing electrolyte through the application of an applied current regime comprising: at least one electropolishing regime, each electropolishing regime comprising a current density of at least 2 A/cm.sup.2 and a voltage comprising a shaped waveform having a frequency from 2 Hz to 300 kHz, a minimum voltage of at least 0 V and a maximum voltage of between 0.5 to 500 V.