Particulate infill from a worn down infilled artificial turf, particularly a sand/rubber mixture which includes crumb rubber from vehicle tires, is extracted from a prior field and then thereafter incorporated into the top surface of the compacted base at the same site, thereby to assure better drainage conditions in the compacted base for the subsequently installed field. The extracted and incorporated infill helps to maintain open drainage channels throughout the top of the compacted base, particularly in areas where limestone is prevalent. Otherwise, the limestone fines are susceptible to compacting and creating a cement-like crust at the top of the base. An existing infill extractor/collector device is modified to operate in a second mode, so that instead of merely performing the conventional bagging of the already-used infill, the already-used infill is laterally diverted back on to the base at the same site, and thereafter, distributed and tilled into the base. By incorporating the extracted infill into the base of the new field, the need to bag, remove, and dispose of the used infill is eliminated, along with the time and costs associated therewith, while at the same time improving the drainage of the new field. Two structures for diverting the collected infill are disclosed.

Various embodiments provide surface compositions and methods for porous, flexible, and durable surfaces that may stabilize native soil, provide substantially uniform drainage of moisture, and provide a barrier between the native soil, vegetation, and other compositions disposed over the surface composition, such as sand and/or soil. The compositions and methods may comprise utilizing a liquid coating composition, liquid binder, and/or antimicrobial composition in combination with a particulate material configured to provide a desired pore size, elasticity, compression, and/or stability to the surface composition. Various embodiments of the surface composition may form a prefabricated flexible bunker liner for application to the native soil in a golf course bunker beneath sand.

Methods of fabricating and using at least one temporary transfer station to distribute debris from at least one damaged area to at least one landfill may include identifying and locating at least one transfer station site, fabricating the at least one temporary transfer station by preparing at least one transfer station slab on the at least one transfer station site, transporting the debris from the at least one damaged area to the at least one transfer station slab, placing the debris on the at least one transfer station slab, removing the debris from the at least one transfer station slab, transporting the debris to the at least one landfill and removing the at least one transfer station slab from the at least one transfer station site.

Methods of fabricating and using at least one temporary transfer station to distribute debris from at least one damaged area to at least one landfill may include identifying and locating at least one transfer station site, fabricating the at least one temporary transfer station by preparing at least one transfer station slab on the at least one transfer station site, transporting the debris from the at least one damaged area to the at least one transfer station slab, placing the debris on the at least one transfer station slab, removing the debris from the at least one transfer station slab, transporting the debris to the at least one landfill and removing the at least one transfer station slab from the at least one transfer station site.

A fatigue-resistant flexible road structure that includes one or more sub-base structural support layers positioned over a compacted earth foundation. At least one of the sub-base structural support layers is an elastic sub-base layer for more completely distributing surface loads. The elastic sub-base layer includes aggregate, filler, binder, and recycled tire rubber. The recycled tire rubber is included in an amount of 3% to 5% by weight of the sum of aggregate, filler, and rubber. The elastic sub-base layer has a fatigue life at least 25 percent greater than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber. Further, the elastic sub-base layer has a modulus of elasticity at least 25 percent lower than a non-elastic sub-base layer without recycled rubber.

A golf course bunker drainage system has been developed that is a modular structure taking the form of a plurality of porous bunker paver blocks formed of material exhibiting vertical and horizontal infiltration rates at least the same as bunker sand. The plurality of porous bunker paver blocks is disposed as a boundary layer between a bunker subsoil bottom surface and overlying bunker sand, allowing rainwater to drain into the subsoil, with excess rainwater directed away from the bunker sand. The use of bunker paver blocks also maintains the integrity of the bunker shape and prevents movement of sand and other materials along steeply sloping bunker sidewalls.

A perforated geocell is made from a plurality of strips that form cells. Each cell wall has a single pattern of perforations spaced evenly over the cell wall. This avoids uneven distributions of stress over the cell wall, reducing deformation of the geocell.

A hard pavement construction method for natural groundwater recharge, comprising the following steps: drilling to an underground shallow sand zone water storage layer on a flattened earth floor, filling holes with sand, inserting rod-shaped tools into the holes filled with the sand, pouring concrete to form a concrete foundation layer with a flat surface, removing the rod-shaped tools, filling the holes with the sand to be flush with a plane of the concrete foundation layer, sanding and compacting on the concrete foundation layer, directly arranging pavement bricks on a sand surface in an unbonded manner to form a hard pavement, and enabling rain and snow water on the hard pavement to pass through cracks of the pavement bricks, rapidly and naturally recharge to the underground shallow sand zone water storage layer via the holes and slowly permeate to an underground deep sand zone water storage layer.

A hard pavement construction method for natural groundwater recharge, comprising the following steps: drilling to an underground shallow sand zone water storage layer on a flattened earth floor, filling holes with sand, inserting rod-shaped tools into the holes filled with the sand, pouring concrete to form a concrete foundation layer with a flat surface, removing the rod-shaped tools, filling the holes with the sand to be flush with a plane of the concrete foundation layer, sanding and compacting on the concrete foundation layer, directly arranging pavement bricks on a sand surface in an unbonded manner to form a hard pavement, and enabling rain and snow water on the hard pavement to pass through cracks of the pavement bricks, rapidly and naturally recharge to the underground shallow sand zone water storage layer via the holes and slowly permeate to an underground deep sand zone water storage layer.

An arrestor bed for slowing an aircraft overrunning a runway, including an elongated excavation and a plurality of irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies at least partially filing the excavation. Each respective irregularly shaped foamed glass body has an aspect ratio between 1:1.6 to 1:1.7 and a diameter of about 1 inch. The irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies intersect to define stacking angles of about 35 degrees. Under compression, the irregularly shaped foamed glass bodies crush and break up before slip failure occurs such that the roadbed has a crushing failure mode.