Various embodiments for a panel that may be combined with other similar panels to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The panel for use in a padding layer of a panel system includes a male locking element configured to form a dove-tail connection with at least one adjacent panel. The dove-tail connection includes a male locking element of the panel coupling with a female locking element of the at least one adjacent panel and forming an interference fit between the male locking element and the female locking element. A space is proved between the male locking element and the female element when coupled that permits thermal expansion of the panel.

An underlayment layer is configured to support an artificial turf assembly. The underlayment layer comprises a core with a top side and a bottom side. The top side has a plurality of spaced apart, upwardly oriented projections that define channels suitable for fluid flow along the top side of the core when the underlayment layer is positioned beneath an overlying artificial turf assembly.

Structural cells and matrices using the structural cells for positioning below a hardscape that define a void space therein, the structural cells, matrices using the cells and methods of assembly allowing in one embodiment the introduction of a structural fluid such as concrete to provide an alternative structural cell and matrix product. In one embodiment a structural cell assembly is described comprising a structural cell with a plurality of legs integrally linked to a frame at a first frame end, the frame linking the legs together and the frame defining a generally flat plane with the legs extending substantially orthogonally away from the first frame end about the frame flat plane to a leg terminal end; and a separate plate engaging the legs, the separate plate comprising linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg terminal end; and/or linked sockets, each socket engaging the leg frame ends or a part thereof.

A sports field comprises a base structure and a cover. The cover is at least partly permeable to fluid, especially water. The base structure comprises voids for containing fluid. The base structure forms a substantially continuous deck supporting the cover. The cover comprises or is formed by an artificial sports layer, such as artificial grass. At least a number of the voids are in fluid communication with each other. Wick elements are provided fluidly connecting at least a number of the voids with the cover for supplying fluid from the voids to the top layer.

Various embodiments for a pad that may be combined with other similar pads to form a padding layer of an athletic field, or other surface, are disclosed. The pad includes a top surface and a bottom surface. Bottom-side projections are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad. Water channels are positioned on the bottom surface of the pad defined as a recessed area between individual ones of the bottom-side projections. A drainage hole is positioned in at least one of the bottom-side projections such that the drainage hole does not connect with any of the water channels on the bottom surface. The drainage hole may be at least partially coupled to projection channels on the bottom-side projections, where the projection channels act as a water vacuum to facilitate air circulation and vertical water evacuation relative to the drainage hole.

The present invention relates to a road surfacing system, in particular an asphalt road, which comprises at least one main layer which is at least partially and at least in places permeable to liquids and gases for absorbing compressive and shear forces generated on the main layer by load bodies, for example vehicles, travelling and/or standing on the main layer, wherein the main layer is arranged on a drainage layer through which liquids and/or gases can flow, and further where-in the drainage layer is again arranged on top of a drainage layer which is arranged and intended to at least partially drain liquids from the road surfacing system passing through the main and drainage layers, characterized in that the main layer is substantially free from aggregates and instead is formed with adhering ball elements formed with a plastic and/or a metal.

The present invention relates to a road surfacing system, in particular an asphalt road, which comprises at least one main layer which is at least partially and at least in places permeable to liquids and gases for absorbing compressive and shear forces generated on the main layer by load bodies, for example vehicles, travelling and/or standing on the main layer, wherein the main layer is arranged on a drainage layer through which liquids and/or gases can flow, and further where-in the drainage layer is again arranged on top of a drainage layer which is arranged and intended to at least partially drain liquids from the road surfacing system passing through the main and drainage layers, characterized in that the main layer is substantially free from aggregates and instead is formed with adhering ball elements formed with a plastic and/or a metal.

A method of making a roadbed, including paving an area with foamed glass bodies to define a bed and covering the bed with a layer of cementitious material to define a composite bed. The composite bed is at least 85 percent foamed glass bodies. The composite bed has a cementitious surface.

Described herein are compositions and methods for waste-to-energy ash in engineered aggregate in road construction.

An improved sealant packaging and method for use with sealing joints and cracks in pavement and parking lots is provided. Liquid sealant material is poured by volume into a container draped with a sheet. Container is cooled so that the sealant becomes a solid block, with the sheet adhered to the sides of the sealant block such that the sheet forms a container for the sealant. The sheet also acts a release liner for easily removing the sealant block from the container. Two or more contained blocks are stacked together, forming a package of two or more blocks self-sealed by sheets. When the package is placed in a melting kettle, heat migrates through the spaces between the individual sealant blocks and allows the smaller sealant blocks to melt quickly and evenly. Sheet and film melt with sealant material and are incorporated therein to form the final sealant product.