In a Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance (RSC) system, rather than increase base flow by putting a horizontal layer of clay and silts in the entire streambed, constructing vertical irrigation curtains with clay rich soil to interrupt the groundwater flow at certain intervals will increase surface water base flows and improve habitat and water quality while also improving the interactions between the hyporheic zones and the channel. Also, by initially providing a subsurface flow channel through which water can flow, for example, using a perforated pipe, and building an access road over that channel during construction, erosion in the RSC project area can be significantly reduced or eliminated.

In a Regenerative Stormwater Conveyance (RSC) system, rather than increase base flow by putting a horizontal layer of clay and silts in the entire streambed, constructing vertical irrigation curtains with clay rich soil to interrupt the groundwater flow at certain intervals will increase surface water base flows and improve habitat and water quality while also improving the interactions between the hyporheic zones and the channel. Also, by initially providing a subsurface flow channel through which water can flow, for example, using a perforated pipe, and building an access road over that channel during construction, erosion in the RSC project area can be significantly reduced or eliminated.

A process for installing a modular retaining wall is illustrated and described having open or closed polygonal modules with channels disposed therein. The wall is set at least partially below a surface, the surface either being land-based or aqueous-based, and interfaces therebetween, e.g., shoreline. The modules of the wall are fastened to each other by respective fastening mating fasteners. The retaining wall is installed by a process employing a fluid-assisted internal mandrel.

A wave generating apparatus (100) for generating at least one wave in a surface of a body of water (102) has at least one wave generating object (12, 150) with at least one wave generating surface (13, 152), drive means (108, 110) for causing the wave generating object to oscillate along a path (106), with the wave generating object in contact with the body of water for at least some of the time. When there is a single wave generating object (12, 150), the wave extends away from the wave generating object and when there are multiple wave generating objects (12, 150), the wave generating objects (12, 150) and wave generating surfaces (13, 152) are configured such that substantially all of any waves generated extend away from the wave generating objects.

A detection system according to the present disclosure includes: an optical fiber (30) embedded in or near an embankment (20) of a river (10); a communication unit (41) that receives, from the optical fiber (30), an optical signal including a pattern indicating that the optical fiber (30) is exposed; and detection unit (51) that detects breakage of the embankment (20) based on the pattern.

A system for monitoring a physical environmental property having non-stationary heteroscedastic noise is disclosed. A processor receives physical environmental measurement data, and constructs a combined input and output noise levels matrix containing output noise terms associated with the physical environmental property and input noise terms associated with the at least one independent variable. Using the combined input and output noise levels matrix, the processor constructs a main Gaussian Processes (GP) model for the physical environmental property and its non-stationary heteroscedastic noise. The processor generates and co-operates with the output device to perceptibly output a predictive probabilistic representation of the environmental property, using the main GP model. The predictive probabilistic representation includes a respective range of possible values of the physical environmental property for each respective value of the independent variable(s), the range reflecting both the input noise terms and the output noise terms.

A system for monitoring a physical environmental property having non-stationary heteroscedastic noise is disclosed. A processor receives physical environmental measurement data, and constructs a combined input and output noise levels matrix containing output noise terms associated with the physical environmental property and input noise terms associated with the at least one independent variable. Using the combined input and output noise levels matrix, the processor constructs a main Gaussian Processes (GP) model for the physical environmental property and its non-stationary heteroscedastic noise. The processor generates and co-operates with the output device to perceptibly output a predictive probabilistic representation of the environmental property, using the main GP model. The predictive probabilistic representation includes a respective range of possible values of the physical environmental property for each respective value of the independent variable(s), the range reflecting both the input noise terms and the output noise terms.

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems and methods for flood hazard zone modeling. In one implementation, one or more relevant stream segments are identified from an input stream network. One or more cross profiles are defined for one or more selected points on the relevant stream segments, with the selected points located within a flood hazard area. A high resolution flood level elevation map is generated by interpolating flood level elevation from the selected points. A flood depth map is generated having a flood depth value for each of the selected points computed as a difference between the high resolution flood level elevation map and a terrain elevation. One or more flood zones are defined in the flood depth map. The flood zones have a positive flood depth for a return period.

A process for installing a modular retaining wall is illustrated and described having open or closed polygonal modules with channels disposed therein. The wall is set at least partially below a surface, the surface either being land-based or aqueous-based, and interfaces therebetween, e.g., shoreline. The modules of the wall are fastened to each other by respective fastening mating fasteners. The retaining wall is installed by a process employing a fluid-assisted internal mandrel.

Disclosed is a control system for a water network. The control system includes a plurality of remotely-located monitoring and or monitoring and automatic control stations each including an automation controller for local control and automation, and each in communication via a dual-ring communication topology for system or wide-area control. The dual-ring facilitates redundant peer-to-peer data exchange to provide upstream and downstream water flow and water quality information. Systems described herein may calculate flow differential based on water flow data from each of the monitoring stations, and control flow based on the calculated flow differential.