Provide is a method for real-time deviation monitoring of miniature pipe-roofing jacking pipes of spiral soil-discharging. The method includes: welding a measurement auxiliary pipe to an outer wall of a pipe-roofing steel pipe, providing a laser pen inside a front end of the measurement auxiliary pipe, and the laser pen emits a beam propagating from the front end to a rear end of the measurement auxiliary pipe. After installation, a male lock buckle and a female lock buckle are symmetrically welded onto the pipe-roofing steel pipe, and form an integrated structure with the pipe-roofing steel pipe. A measurement plate is fixedly mounted on a housing of a pipe-roofing drilling machine. During jacking, a change of a position of the beam on the measurement plate is observed to determine a deviation of a drill bit of the pipe-roofing drilling machine and the pipe-roofing steel pipe in real-time.

Disclosed herein are new tunnel forming shanks and methods of using the same that are configured to lessen the damage done to soil and crops, and to overcome underground obstacles in comparison to prior art tunnel forming shanks.

A three-level prevention and control method for a rock burst roadway, the method comprising: pre-weakening a thick and hard rock layer above a roadway before the roadway is excavated; carrying out prestress support, pressure relief and reinforcement when the roadway is excavated; and carrying out stress transfer on an advance abutment pressure, and arranging a composite energy absorption protective structure around the roadway before the mining of a working face. By coordinating the spatio-temporal relationship between pressure relief, support and prevention, the energy dissipation in the rock burst roadway is changed from an unstable, disorderly and uncontrollable dissipation state to a stable, orderly and controllable dissipation state.

A wireless detonation system (1) includes a blasting operation device (40), a detonator (10), and a relay device (30). The blasting operation device (40) is disposed at a distance from a blasting face (71) and wirelessly transmits a first downstream signal at a first frequency. The detonator (10) is loaded in a blast hole (72) in the blasting face (71), and has a receiving coil (12) for wirelessly receiving a second downstream signal at a second frequency lower than the first frequency. A relay device (30) includes a first transmitting-receiving antenna (35) that wirelessly receives the first downstream signal, a relay processor (32) that wirelessly receives the first downstream signal and processes it into the second downstream signal to be wirelessly transmitted at the second frequency, and a second transmitting-receiving antenna (37) that transmits the second downstream signal. The second transmitter-receiver antenna (37) is loaded into an insertion hole (74) in the blasting face (71) aligned with the blast hole (72).

A test device and method for studying influence of external load on soil arching effect of shield tunnel, including a test chamber, a tunnel model and a control module. The tunnel model, including segments which are meshed with each other and can move relatively, the tunnel model is installed in the middle of the test chamber, and all sides of the tunnel model is filled with a test soil, the control module, including a set of deceleration motors and a variable cross-section guide rod, the variable cross-section guide rod is inserted into the tunnel model, which can reduce the diameter of the tunnel model, resulting in ground loss and soil arching effect.

A directional drilling-exploring-monitoring integrated method for guaranteeing safety of an underwater shield tunnel includes: drilling a small-diameter borehole below a water area, and establishing an initial geological model; reaming the small-diameter borehole into a large-diameter borehole, placing a parallel electrical method (PEM) power cable and a monitoring optical fiber cable into the large-diameter borehole, acquiring zero field data, primary field data and secondary field data through carbon rod measurement electrodes before tunnel excavation, and processing the data with an existing inversion method to form an inversion image, thereby obtaining a refined geological model of a stratum; starting the tunnel excavation, and respectively acquiring a disturbance condition of rock and soil and a sedimentation and deformation condition of rock and soil around the tunnel during the excavation, thereby implementing safety excavation of the tunnel; and continuously monitoring the tunnel and the surrounding rock and soil in later use of the tunnel.

A method for real-time strength estimation, grading, and early warning of rock mass in tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunneling, and belongs to the technical field of TBM tunnel construction. The method includes the following steps: establishing a general relation model of equivalent strength R.sub.ec of the TBM boring rock mass and a field penetration index (FPI); and applying the model to TBM boring construction, estimating an integrity coefficient K.sub.v of the TBM boring rock mass in real time according to boring parameters acquired by a TBM in real time, and performing grading and early warning on the TBM boring rock mass according to a given grading standard and early warning values.

The present disclosure relates to a half-cast mark identification and damaged flatness evaluation and classification method for blastholes in tunnel blasting, including the following steps: S1-2: photographing first and second contrast images as well as a half-cast mark image after blasting; S3-6: performing denoising, gray-scale processing and binary processing on the above images, and identifying a boundary of a half-cast mark in each of the images; S7-9: determining a flatness damage variable, a quantitative relation among an area of a half-cast mark region, the damage variable and a fractal dimension, and a damage value of the half-cast mark image; S10-11: forming five-dimensional (5D) eigenvectors to obtain multi-dimensional digital information features of the images; and S12-13: selecting eigenvectors of 60 images as training data to input to a naive Bayes classifier (NBC), and taking eigenvectors of remaining 30 images as classification data to input the above well-trained NBC for classification.

A cutting roller bearing part, formed as a component of a cutting roller holder for a cutting wheel of a tunnel boring machine, includes a load measuring unit disposed in a receiving space assembly including though lines which is hermetically sealed against an external atmosphere by external closures and a sealing element to provide accuracy and long-term stability for load measurements.

Provided is a method for analyzing the expansive stress and expansive strain of tunnel surrounding rock, including: (1) determining the surrounding rock state of the tunnel surrounding rock before expansion and the surrounding rock state after expansion; (2) according to the determined state of the surrounding rock, determining the expansive stress and expansive strain of the tunnel surrounding rock before expansion, and determining the expansive stress and expansive strain of the tunnel surrounding rock after expansion; (3) according to the surrounding rock state of the tunnel surrounding rock after expansion, determining the expansive deformation radius of the tunnel surrounding rock, so as to determine the expansive deformation displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock.