A system includes a fuel control module and a valve control module. The fuel control module controls a fuel injector to stop fuel delivery to each cylinder of an engine in a vehicle when the vehicle is decelerating. The valve control module controls a valve actuator to actuate intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder of the engine between open and closed positions when fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is stopped. The valve control module controls the valve actuator to adjust an amount of airflow through each cylinder of the engine to a minimum amount when fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is initially stopped. The valve control module controls the valve actuator to adjust the amount of airflow through each cylinder of the engine to an amount greater than the minimum amount before fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is restarted.

A system includes a fuel control module and a valve control module. The fuel control module controls a fuel injector to stop fuel delivery to each cylinder of an engine in a vehicle when the vehicle is decelerating. The valve control module controls a valve actuator to actuate intake and exhaust valves of each cylinder of the engine between open and closed positions when fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is stopped. The valve control module controls the valve actuator to adjust an amount of airflow through each cylinder of the engine to a minimum amount when fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is initially stopped. The valve control module controls the valve actuator to adjust the amount of airflow through each cylinder of the engine to an amount greater than the minimum amount before fuel delivery to each cylinder of the engine is restarted.

A sequencing manifold for the purpose of supplying control and supply services of pre-determined temporal sequences to fluid processing assemblies is provided. The functioning of this sequencing manifold requires that translation be applied to the sequencing ports. Actuator mechanisms may supply such translation as either continuous motion or as a series of stepwise motions. Actuator mechanism can be obtained that rely on only mechanical means without the need for a source of electricity. With such actuators, it becomes feasible to conduct the operations of fluid processing assemblies in remote and primitive locations that lack a source of electricity. One skilled in the mechanical arts can provide various actuator mechanisms to meet these requirements.

A sequencing manifold for the purpose of supplying control and supply services of pre-determined temporal sequences to fluid processing assemblies is provided. The functioning of this sequencing manifold requires that translation be applied to the sequencing ports. Actuator mechanisms may supply such translation as either continuous motion or as a series of stepwise motions. Actuator mechanism can be obtained that rely on only mechanical means without the need for a source of electricity. With such actuators, it becomes feasible to conduct the operations of fluid processing assemblies in remote and primitive locations that lack a source of electricity. One skilled in the mechanical arts can provide various actuator mechanisms to meet these requirements.

The subject of this application is a sequencing manifold for the purpose of supplying control and supply services of pre-determined temporal sequences to fluid processing assemblies. The functioning of this sequencing manifold requires that translation be applied to the sequencing ports. Actuator mechanisms may supply such translation as either continuous motion or as a series of stepwise motions. Actuator mechanism can be obtained that rely on only mechanical means without the need for a source of electricity. With such actuators, it becomes feasible to conduct the operations of fluid processing assemblies in remote and primitive locations that lack a source of electricity. One skilled in the mechanical arts can provide various actuator mechanisms to meet these requirements.

The figures included below with the description of attributes are intended to convey an understanding of the mechanical principles underpinning the operation of the sequencing manifold. For reasons of clarity, the figures depict configurations involving apparently geometrically flat plates rather than more complex configurations involving cylinders or circular discs. The omission of configurations involving cylinder or discs from the figures included with this application is not meant to be limiting in any manner.

The subject of this application is a sequencing manifold for the purpose of supplying control and supply services of pre-determined temporal sequences to fluid processing assemblies. The functioning of this sequencing manifold requires that translation be applied to the sequencing ports. Actuator mechanisms may supply such translation as either continuous motion or as a series of stepwise motions. Actuator mechanism can be obtained that rely on only mechanical means without the need for a source of electricity. With such actuators, it becomes feasible to conduct the operations of fluid processing assemblies in remote and primitive locations that lack a source of electricity. One skilled in the mechanical arts can provide various actuator mechanisms to meet these requirements.

The figures included below with the description of attributes are intended to convey an understanding of the mechanical principles underpinning the operation of the sequencing manifold. For reasons of clarity, the figures depict configurations involving apparently geometrically flat plates rather than more complex configurations involving cylinders or circular discs. The omission of configurations involving cylinder or discs from the figures included with this application is not meant to be limiting in any manner.

Provided is a copper-base alloy with excellent wear resistance. The wear-resistant copper-base alloy includes, by mass %: 5.0 to 30.0% nickel; 0.5 to 5.0% silicon; 3.0 to 20.0% iron; less than 1.0% chromium; less than or equal to 5.0% niobium; less than or equal to 2.5% carbon; 3.0 to 20.0% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; 0.5 to 5.0% manganese and/or 0.5 to 5.0% tin; balance copper; and inevitable impurities, and has a matrix and hard particles dispersed in the matrix, when niobium is contained, the hard particles contain niobium carbide and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NbCMo, NbCW, and NbCV around the niobium carbide, and when niobium is not contained, the hard particles contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide, and vanadium carbide.

Provided is a copper-base alloy with excellent wear resistance. The wear-resistant copper-base alloy includes, by mass %: 5.0 to 30.0% nickel; 0.5 to 5.0% silicon; 3.0 to 20.0% iron; less than 1.0% chromium; less than or equal to 5.0% niobium; less than or equal to 2.5% carbon; 3.0 to 20.0% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; 0.5 to 5.0% manganese and/or 0.5 to 5.0% tin; balance copper; and inevitable impurities, and has a matrix and hard particles dispersed in the matrix, when niobium is contained, the hard particles contain niobium carbide and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NbCMo, NbCW, and NbCV around the niobium carbide, and when niobium is not contained, the hard particles contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide, and vanadium carbide.

Provided is a copper-base alloy with excellent wear resistance. The wear-resistant copper-base alloy includes, by mass %: 5.0 to 30.0% nickel; 0.5 to 5.0% silicon; 3.0 to 20.0% iron; less than 1.0% chromium; less than or equal to 5.0% niobium; less than or equal to 2.5% carbon; 3.0 to 20.0% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; 0.5 to 5.0% manganese and/or 0.5 to 5.0% tin; balance copper; and inevitable impurities, and has a matrix and hard particles dispersed in the matrix, when niobium is contained, the hard particles contain niobium carbide and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NbCMo, NbCW, and NbCV around the niobium carbide, and when niobium is not contained, the hard particles contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide, and vanadium carbide.

Provided is a copper-base alloy with excellent wear resistance. The wear-resistant copper-base alloy includes, by mass %: 5.0 to 30.0% nickel; 0.5 to 5.0% silicon; 3.0 to 20.0% iron; less than 1.0% chromium; less than or equal to 5.0% niobium; less than or equal to 2.5% carbon; 3.0 to 20.0% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium; 0.5 to 5.0% manganese and/or 0.5 to 5.0% tin; balance copper; and inevitable impurities, and has a matrix and hard particles dispersed in the matrix, when niobium is contained, the hard particles contain niobium carbide and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NbCMo, NbCW, and NbCV around the niobium carbide, and when niobium is not contained, the hard particles contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of molybdenum carbide, tungsten carbide, and vanadium carbide.