A biasing device that returns to a rest position when the biasing device is subjected to one of a first compression by a first object and a first tension by a second object in which the first tension causes a second compression of a third object, in which the first compression causes a second tension of the third object, in which elongation of the rod assembly simultaneously occurs with the first tension and the second compression, and in which elongation of the rod assembly simultaneously occurs with the second tension and the first compression.

A vibration damper with a damper piston which is arranged in a main tube with hydraulic medium and can be moved to and fro in an axial direction relative to the main tube. The main tube is arranged in a container tube, wherein an intermediate tube is arranged between the main tube and the container tube. The main tube, the intermediate tube and the container tube are arranged coaxially in a three-tube damper. The damper piston is attached at one end of a piston rod. The three-tube damper is equipped with a hydraulic end-position damping and at its end opposite the piston rod, has a central valve block with two damper valve devices. The central valve block is partially fitted with an air spring resting on an axial support ring which is connected by a single main weld seam to the container tube and central valve block by substance bonding.

Disclosed herein are a metastructure having a zero elastic modulus zone, which can experience constant stress in a predetermined strain zone, and a method for designing the same. The metastructure includes a first unit and a second unit, wherein the first unit has a structure capable of buckling and has a stress-strain relation having a zone corresponding to a negative elastic modulus, the second unit is disposed adjacent to the first unit and has a stress-strain relation having a zone corresponding to a positive elastic modulus, and the metastructure has zero elastic modulus in a predetermined target strain zone through synthesis of the negative elastic modulus of the first unit with the positive elastic modulus of the second unit.

Disclosed herein are a metastructure having a zero elastic modulus zone, which can experience constant stress in a predetermined strain zone, and a method for designing the same. The metastructure includes a first unit and a second unit, wherein the first unit has a structure capable of buckling and has a stress-strain relation having a zone corresponding to a negative elastic modulus, the second unit is disposed adjacent to the first unit and has a stress-strain relation having a zone corresponding to a positive elastic modulus, and the metastructure has zero elastic modulus in a predetermined target strain zone through synthesis of the negative elastic modulus of the first unit with the positive elastic modulus of the second unit.

A linear motion mechanism with precise linear motion has structural robustness and allows easy reduction in weight and size, simple production and easy operation. The linear motion mechanism includes: an elastic arrangement which is arranged to transform an input direction and an input displacement to an output direction and an output displacement, wherein the output direction is orthogonal to the input direction; an operating member which is arranged to deform the elastic arrangement in the input direction by the input displacement; and a movable member fixed to the elastic arrangement to move in the output direction by the output displacement.

A process for forming a high temperature single crystal canted spring is provided. In one embodiment, the process includes fabricating configurations of a rapid prototype spring to fabricate a sacrificial mold pattern to create a ceramic mold and casting a canted coiled spring to form at least one canted coil spring configuration based on the ceramic mold. The high temperature single crystal canted spring is formed from a nickel-based alloy containing rhenium using the at least one coil spring configuration.

A process for forming a high temperature single crystal canted spring is provided. In one embodiment, the process includes fabricating configurations of a rapid prototype spring to fabricate a sacrificial mold pattern to create a ceramic mold and casting a canted coiled spring to form at least one canted coil spring configuration based on the ceramic mold. The high temperature single crystal canted spring is formed from a nickel-based alloy containing rhenium using the at least one coil spring configuration.

A spring end cap includes a base and a plurality of fingers. The base extends annularly about an axis and includes a planar side extending orthogonal to the axis. The plurality of fingers extend from the planar side and are spaced from each other about the axis. In some example embodiments, each finger extends axially away from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes an end spaced from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes a first outer surface and a second outer surface. The first outer surface is disposed between the second outer surface and the planar side and is arranged radially inside of the second outer surface. In an example embodiment, the spring end cap also includes a plurality of undercut portions each circumferentially aligned with one respective finger. Each undercut portion extends from the planar side to the one respective finger.

A spring end cap includes a base and a plurality of fingers. The base extends annularly about an axis and includes a planar side extending orthogonal to the axis. The plurality of fingers extend from the planar side and are spaced from each other about the axis. In some example embodiments, each finger extends axially away from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes an end spaced from the planar side. In an example embodiment, each finger includes a first outer surface and a second outer surface. The first outer surface is disposed between the second outer surface and the planar side and is arranged radially inside of the second outer surface. In an example embodiment, the spring end cap also includes a plurality of undercut portions each circumferentially aligned with one respective finger. Each undercut portion extends from the planar side to the one respective finger.