The present invention discloses a stiffness-adjustable electromagnetic spring. The electromagnetic spring includes a central shaft, an intermediate electromagnetic force control component, and two end electromagnetic force control components, where the two end electromagnetic force control components and the intermediate electromagnetic force control component are both sleeved on the central shaft, and an intermediate controllable power supply in the intermediate electromagnetic force control component is used to control an electromagnetic force of an intermediate coil on a ring magnet and a two-end controllable power supply in the two end electromagnetic force control components are used to control an electromagnetic force on the ring magnet, therefore, the stiffness of the electromagnetic spring can be controlled online and the nonlinearity can be adjusted. The stiffness-adjustable electromagnetic spring disclosed in the present invention can generate adjustable negative stiffness to decrease the dynamic stiffness without reducing the static stiffness, thus break through the limitation of carrying capability of the spring on the vibration isolation performance, and has characteristics of compact structure, fast response, easy control.

The present invention discloses a stiffness-adjustable electromagnetic spring. The electromagnetic spring includes a central shaft, an intermediate electromagnetic force control component, and two end electromagnetic force control components, where the two end electromagnetic force control components and the intermediate electromagnetic force control component are both sleeved on the central shaft, and an intermediate controllable power supply in the intermediate electromagnetic force control component is used to control an electromagnetic force of an intermediate coil on a ring magnet and a two-end controllable power supply in the two end electromagnetic force control components are used to control an electromagnetic force on the ring magnet, therefore, the stiffness of the electromagnetic spring can be controlled online and the nonlinearity can be adjusted. The stiffness-adjustable electromagnetic spring disclosed in the present invention can generate adjustable negative stiffness to decrease the dynamic stiffness without reducing the static stiffness, thus break through the limitation of carrying capability of the spring on the vibration isolation performance, and has characteristics of compact structure, fast response, easy control.

Provided is a damper for a semi-active energy regenerative suspension based on hybrid excitation. The damper includes: an upper lifting lug, a dustcover, a lower lifting lug, a hydraulic shock absorber, and a hybrid excitation mechanism, wherein the hydraulic shock absorber is configured to provide a constant viscous damping coefficient, and wherein the hybrid excitation mechanism is configured to generate an adjustable electromagnetic damping force, to transform the vibration energy into electrical energy, and to storage the electrical energy. Also provided is a method for determining the sizes of the damper. The damper which has a simple structure, balances the vibration isolation property and energy regenerative property of the vehicle suspension, and provides a fail-safe function. Furthermore, the method for determining the sizes of the damper is easy and practical to implement, has definite steps and produces drastically optimized results.

Provided is a damper for a semi-active energy regenerative suspension based on hybrid excitation. The damper includes: an upper lifting lug, a dustcover, a lower lifting lug, a hydraulic shock absorber, and a hybrid excitation mechanism, wherein the hydraulic shock absorber is configured to provide a constant viscous damping coefficient, and wherein the hybrid excitation mechanism is configured to generate an adjustable electromagnetic damping force, to transform the vibration energy into electrical energy, and to storage the electrical energy. Also provided is a method for determining the sizes of the damper. The damper which has a simple structure, balances the vibration isolation property and energy regenerative property of the vehicle suspension, and provides a fail-safe function. Furthermore, the method for determining the sizes of the damper is easy and practical to implement, has definite steps and produces drastically optimized results.

A device for reducing impact forces upon a surface includes a base comprising a first contact portion and a transition portion, a contact member disposed between the base and the surface; and a biasing portion disposed between the first contact portion of the base and the surface. At least a first portion of an impact force upon the surface is transferred from the contact member to the base, and a second portion of the impact force is subsequently returned to the surface, the second portion being less than the first portion.

A shock absorber includes a cylinder including a shock-absorbing surface configured to relieve an impact of an object, a piston rod including a first end receiving the object and, in response to the impact of the object, movably inserted into an inner space of the cylinder in an axial direction of the cylinder, a magnet installed at a second end of the piston rod opposite to the first end of the piston rod to be moved together with the piston rod, an electromagnet coil configured to generate a repulsive force against the magnet, and a sensor configured to detect the magnet and cause the electromagnet coil to receive a current from a power source.

A shock absorber includes a cylinder including a shock-absorbing surface configured to relieve an impact of an object, a piston rod including a first end receiving the object and, in response to the impact of the object, movably inserted into an inner space of the cylinder in an axial direction of the cylinder, a magnet installed at a second end of the piston rod opposite to the first end of the piston rod to be moved together with the piston rod, an electromagnet coil configured to generate a repulsive force against the magnet, and a sensor configured to detect the magnet and cause the electromagnet coil to receive a current from a power source.

This disclosure presents a new type of variable stiffness magnetic spring, which can have a highly linear translational force characteristic. The variable stiffness is achieved through the rotation of a central magnet. Both positive and negative spring constants can be created. Using an analytic-based field analysis modelling technique, the operating principle and linearity characteristics of the adjustable magnetic spring are studied. The use of a magnetic spring with an adjustable negative spring constant could enable an ocean generator to continuously operate in a resonant state, thereby greatly increasing its power generation capability. The described variable stiffness spring could also be useful in other energy harvesting applications, robotic actuator applications, and/or other applications.

A damper is provided on an upper frame which is a main vibrating body supported on upper portions of front links and rear links of a frame link mechanism, so as to be a sub-vibrating body which generates vibration whose behavior is different from that of vibration of the upper frame caused by the rotary motion of the front links and the rear links. When the upper frame is vibrated by input vibration, since the damper exhibits the different vibration behavior, energy of the input vibration not only is distributed as vibrational energy of the upper frame and heat energy generated by the elongation and contraction of the damper but also is consumed as energy which vibrates the damper itself provided as the vibrating body. Such arrangement and configuration of the damper improve basic performance of vibration absorbency and impact absorbency of the suspension and achieves a reduction in thickness.

A damper is provided on an upper frame which is a main vibrating body supported on upper portions of front links and rear links of a frame link mechanism, so as to be a sub-vibrating body which generates vibration whose behavior is different from that of vibration of the upper frame caused by the rotary motion of the front links and the rear links. When the upper frame is vibrated by input vibration, since the damper exhibits the different vibration behavior, energy of the input vibration not only is distributed as vibrational energy of the upper frame and heat energy generated by the elongation and contraction of the damper but also is consumed as energy which vibrates the damper itself provided as the vibrating body. Such arrangement and configuration of the damper improve basic performance of vibration absorbency and impact absorbency of the suspension and achieves a reduction in thickness.