The cylinder rod of a hydraulic cylinder includes a body portion having a bar shape, and a head portion arranged at a longitudinal end of the body portion. The body portion has a coating formed on its outer peripheral surface. The coating includes, in terms of area ratio in cross section, not less than 56.1% and not more than 84.4% of a chromium carbide phase, with the remainder consisting of a nickel-based alloy phase and an oxide phase. The area ratio of the chromium carbide phase may be 61.7% or more.

Disclosed herein is a cover for a rod end of an actuator. The cover comprises a mounting collar for surrounding and mounting to a portion of the rod end. The collar is deformable such that it may be mounted over a rod eye mounted to the rod end. The cover further comprises a shield extending from the collar and shaped such that when attached to the rod end the shield shields a portion of rod end to prevent fluid or foreign object ingress to the rod end. Also disclosed is a rod end assembly comprising a rod end and a cover mounted thereto and a method of assembling and retro-fitting a rod end and cover.

Disclosed herein is a cover for a rod end of an actuator. The cover comprises a mounting collar for surrounding and mounting to a portion of the rod end. The collar is deformable such that it may be mounted over a rod eye mounted to the rod end. The cover further comprises a shield extending from the collar and shaped such that when attached to the rod end the shield shields a portion of rod end to prevent fluid or foreign object ingress to the rod end. Also disclosed is a rod end assembly comprising a rod end and a cover mounted thereto and a method of assembling and retro-fitting a rod end and cover.

The invention relates to a method for assembly, a method for disassembly and a connecting rod (1) for a combustion engine, the connecting rod (1) comprising a first and a second connecting rod part (2, 3), wherein the first connecting rod part (2) is configured to be connected to the second connecting rod part (3) when the connecting rod (1) is assembled around a rod-bearing journal of a crankshaft, wherein a connection between the first and the second connecting rod parts (2, 3) is an adhesive connection.

An external combustion engine including a burner element, a heater head, a piston cylinder containing a piston, a cooler and a crankcase. The crankcase includes a crankshaft, a piston rod connected to the piston, a drive mechanism for converting the linear motion of the piston rod to rotary motion of the crankshaft and a linear cross-head bearing that is connected rigidly to the piston rod at one end and to the drive mechanism at the other end. Also the external combustion engine includes a piston clearance seal and a piston rod seal unit that has floating rod seals. The piston includes a inner dome to reduce axial heat transfer via radiation and convection.

An external combustion engine including a burner element, a heater head, a piston cylinder containing a piston, a cooler and a crankcase. The crankcase includes a crankshaft, a piston rod connected to the piston, a drive mechanism for converting the linear motion of the piston rod to rotary motion of the crankshaft and a linear cross-head bearing that is connected rigidly to the piston rod at one end and to the drive mechanism at the other end. Also the external combustion engine includes a piston clearance seal and a piston rod seal unit that has floating rod seals. The piston includes a inner dome to reduce axial heat transfer via radiation and convection.

A cylinder stroke determination system and a method of determining a stroke of a cylinder are provided. The system includes a cylinder having a rod and a barrel, a sensing cylinder configured to operate with the cylinder, and a processor. The sensing cylinder includes a sensing cylinder base coupled to the barrel of the cylinder, a sensing cylinder rod coupled to the connecting portion of the rod of the cylinder, a photon emitter coupled to the sensing cylinder base and configured to emit a photon toward a photon target disposed at the sensing cylinder rod, and a photon receiver coupled to the sensing cylinder base and configured to receive the photon reflected from the photon target. The processor is configured to determine a stroke of the cylinder based on a time of flight of the photon from the photon emitter to the photon receiver.

A cylinder stroke determination system and a method of determining a stroke of a cylinder are provided. The system includes a cylinder having a rod and a barrel, a sensing cylinder configured to operate with the cylinder, and a processor. The sensing cylinder includes a sensing cylinder base coupled to the barrel of the cylinder, a sensing cylinder rod coupled to the connecting portion of the rod of the cylinder, a photon emitter coupled to the sensing cylinder base and configured to emit a photon toward a photon target disposed at the sensing cylinder rod, and a photon receiver coupled to the sensing cylinder base and configured to receive the photon reflected from the photon target. The processor is configured to determine a stroke of the cylinder based on a time of flight of the photon from the photon emitter to the photon receiver.

A piston rod and a rod cover which constitute this hydraulic cylinder are configured from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. An alumite coating film is formed on at least a part of the inner wall surface of the rod cover that constitutes a rod insertion hole, and a diamond-like carbon coating film is formed on the outer wall surface of the piston rod, said diamond-like carbon coating film being in sliding contact with the alumite coating film.

A piston rod and a rod cover which constitute this hydraulic cylinder are configured from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. An alumite coating film is formed on at least a part of the inner wall surface of the rod cover that constitutes a rod insertion hole, and a diamond-like carbon coating film is formed on the outer wall surface of the piston rod, said diamond-like carbon coating film being in sliding contact with the alumite coating film.