A ground supported power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated conical floor; an insulated cylindrical combustion chamber; a cylindrical furnace with water tube wall; a rectangular convective section; a single vertical steam drum; tangential injection of the fuel and combustion air; means for fluidizing the fuel bed; means for selectively stripping particulates from the flue gases; multi-stage particulate stripping and filtering from flue gases, means for using the walls of steam drum as steam/water droplet separator, means for recirculating and capturing heat from the flue gases; means for pressurizing the interior of the boiler above atmospheric pressure; means for heating and drying fuel prior to feeding the fuel to the boiler; means for creating hydrogen shift reaction; means for eliminating any need for sootblowing; and designed to not require the use of an induced draft fan.

The purpose of the present invention is to decrease the loss of energy of flue gas when superheated steam is cooled and prevent heat efficiency from being decreased. A boiler is provided with: economizers (a medium-pressure economizer (13) and a high-pressure secondary economizer (18)) which heat water supplied by water supply pumps (a medium-pressure water supply pump (27) and a high-pressure water supply pump (28)); evaporators (a medium-pressure evaporator (16) and a high-pressure evaporator (21)) which evaporate the water that is heated by the economizers; and cooling devices (a medium-pressure system and a high-pressure system) which mix water, as a coolant, which has passed through the economizers via the water supply pumps with steam.

At least one aspect of the technology provides a self-contained processing facility configured to convert organic, high water-content waste, such as fecal sludge and garbage, into electricity while also generating and collecting potable water.

The method for erecting a boiler includes erecting a main structure, providing preassembled modules defining a boiler section, installing the modules outside the main structure.

A device with a heat exchanger with a feed pipe for a medium leading from a medium inlet to the heat exchanger entrance and with a discharge pipe leading away from the heat exchanger exit is characterized in that it has a first bypass from the medium inlet to the discharge pipe and a second bypass from the feed pipe to the medium outlet and valves, so that the medium can also flow from the heat exchanger exit to the heat exchanger entrance.

A device with a heat exchanger with a feed pipe for a medium leading from a medium inlet to the heat exchanger entrance and with a discharge pipe leading away from the heat exchanger exit is characterized in that it has a first bypass from the medium inlet to the discharge pipe and a second bypass from the feed pipe to the medium outlet and valves, so that the medium can also flow from the heat exchanger exit to the heat exchanger entrance.

Withdrawing thermal energy obtained from a focused input of solar radiation can be complicated by issues associated with heat transfer media presently used for this purpose. By disposing carbon nanotubes on a fluidizable support and utilizing the carbon nanotubes as a fluidizable heat transfer medium, improved heat transfer characteristics can be realized due to the near-blackbody thermal absorption properties of the carbon nanotubes, in addition to other provided advantages. Concentrating solar power systems can include: a solar receiving structure configured to receive a focused input of solar radiation, a fluidized bed heat transfer medium within the solar receiving structure, and an energy-generating structure in thermal communication with the fluidized bed heat transfer medium. The fluidized bed heat transfer medium contains a plurality of fluidizable heat transfer particles, and the fluidizable heat transfer particles include a plurality of carbon nanotubes bonded to a plurality of fluidizable particles.

A method of operating an oxycombustion circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler that includes a furnace having a grid at its bottom section, a solid material separator connected to an upper part of the furnace, and an external solid material handling system. Oxidant gas is introduced into the CFB boiler through the grid as fluidizing gas, the fluidizing gas including recirculating flue gas. Fuel material is introduced into the circulating fluidized bed. A sulfur reducing agent including CaCO.sub.3 is introduced into the circulating fluidized bed. Solid material is circulated out of the furnace and provides an external circulation of solid material via the external solid material handling system. The solid material is fluidized in the external solid material handling system by introducing a fluidizing medium including recirculating flue gas into the handling system. A predetermined amount of steam is introduced into the handling system as a component of the fluidizing medium.

Embodiments of the invention provide a water-cooled column formed by side walls connected together to define an enclosed space, each side wall is formed of a water-cooled membrane wall, a working medium is passed through a tube of the water-cooled membrane wall from bottom to top, the water-cooled column comprising: a lower part having a cross section reduced segment, which has a cross section gradually reduced in a direction from bottom to top; and an upper part, wherein the upper part connects with the cross section reduced segment at a connection position, and a cross sectional area of the cross section reduced segment at the connection position is identical to a cross sectional area of the upper part at the connection position. Embodiments of the invention also provide a furnace for defining a reaction space, which comprises a water-cooled column defined as above disposed along a vertical direction therein.

The present invention relates to an independent power generating method using water pressure and vapor, and a generating device thereof, which: sequentially circulate water by using a head drop of water and high-pressure vapor so as to continuously generate power, and generate power with a natural head drop caused by the gravity of water and, simultaneously, produce power with vapor; and naturally increase, condense, and reuse the vapor so as to hardly waste water resources such that power can be efficiently generated by efficiently rotating water wheels connected to an electric generator.