A method for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator in a waste-heat steam generator, wherein feed water is fed to the forced-flow steam generator as working fluid, and there flows firstly through a feed-water preheater and then through an evaporator and is at least partly evaporated, wherein the partly evaporated working fluid is fed to a water separation system, in which non-evaporated working fluid is separated from evaporated working fluid and is collected, in which at least part of the non-evaporated working fluid is fed geodetically to the evaporator and, beginning from a certain quantity of accumulating non-evaporated working fluid, a remaining part is automatically removed from the water separation system. A corresponding device is for starting a vertical forced-flow steam generator according to the method.

Combined cleanup and heat sink systems work with nuclear reactor coolant loops. Combined systems may join hotter and colder sections of the coolant loops in parallel with any steam generator or other extractor and provide optional heat removal between the same. Combined systems also remove impurities or debris from a fluid coolant without significant heat loss from the coolant. A cooler in the combined system may increase in capacity or be augmented in number to move between purifying cooling and major heat removal from the coolant, potentially as an emergency cooler. The cooler may be joined to the hotter and colder sections through valved flow paths depending on desired functionality. Sections of the coolant loops may be fully above the cooler, which may be above the reactor, to drive flow by gravity and enhance isolation of sections of the coolant loop.

The steam generating unit of dual circuit reactor with blowdown and drain system is implemented in the close loop, without any conventional blowdown expansion tanks and is designed for maximum pressure of the steam generator (SG) working medium. The SG blowdown water is combined into a single line, cooled down in the regenerative heat exchanger, then in the blowdown aftercooler and drain cooling line and taken out of the tight shell. Out of the tight shell, the SG blowdown water is supplied for treatment to the SG blowdown water treatment system designed for maximum pressure of the steam generator (SG) working medium. After treatment, the water returns to the tight shell and, via the regenerative heat exchanger, to the feed pipelines of each SG. The invention provides increased SG blowdown that leads to the accelerated chemical condition normalization even with considerable deviations.

A system and method for estimating steam quality for a steam generator is provided which involves obtaining raw measurement values for process variables of the steam generator from sensors coupled to the steam generator; receiving the raw measurement values and slow-rate steam quality samples in order to determine a steam quality estimate, using a measurement module to receive the raw measurement values and determine model input values and a robustness index; using an estimator module to determines a raw steam quality estimate using the model input values and a model that is selected from several models depending on reliability of some of the raw measurements; and using a corrector module to determine the steam quality estimate using the raw steam quality estimate, robustness index, and slow-rate steam quality samples. An output receives the steam quality estimate and can provide the steam quality estimate to another device.

A steam vaporizer assembly includes an internal steam generator having a vessel configured to hold water, a vaporizer unit having a heating element configured to heat the water to generate saturated steam; and a controller configured to: cause the heating element to heat the water to a stand-by temperature; and while maintaining a water level of the water in the vessel between two control points: maintain the water in the vessel at the stand-by temperature until steam generation is required, and when steam generation is required, heating the water in the vessel from the stand-by temperature to a temperature at or above a vaporization temperature of the water using a heating element, to generate the steam.

A steam vaporizer assembly includes an internal steam generator having a vessel configured to hold water, a vaporizer unit having a heating element configured to heat the water to generate saturated steam; and a controller configured to: cause the heating element to heat the water to a stand-by temperature; and while maintaining a water level of the water in the vessel between two control points: maintain the water in the vessel at the stand-by temperature until steam generation is required, and when steam generation is required, heating the water in the vessel from the stand-by temperature to a temperature at or above a vaporization temperature of the water using a heating element, to generate the steam.

A connected-type hot-water supply system includes hot-water supply apparatuses connected in parallel and a control means. The control means sets one main hot-water supply apparatus and sub-hot-water supply apparatuses, and performs leveling control of cumulative loads of the hot-water supply apparatuses by setting the main hot-water supply apparatus based on sequential rotation among the hot-water supply apparatuses. The control means includes a failure sign response mode in which it is determined whether there is a failure sign respectively for components of the hot-water supply apparatuses, and when a component of a part of hot-water supply apparatuses is a failure sign component determined to have a failure sign, a main use time of a hot-water supply apparatus having the failure sign component is increased, and the main use time is a main use time of serving as the main hot-water supply apparatus in the leveling control.

Systems and methods for generating electrical power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation include one or more heat exchangers incorporated into mobile heat generation units, and which will receive a heated fluid flow from one or more heat sources, and transfer heat therefrom to a working fluid that is circulated through an ORC unit for generation of power. In embodiments, the mobile heat generation units comprise pre-packaged modules with one or more heat exchangers connected to a pump of a recirculation system, including an array of piping, such that each mobile heat generation unit can be transported to the site and installed as a substantially stand-alone module or heat generation assembly.

Combined cleanup and heat sink systems work with nuclear reactor coolant loops. Combined systems may join hotter and colder sections of the coolant loops in parallel with any steam generator or other extractor and provide optional heat removal between the same. Combined systems also remove impurities or debris from a fluid coolant without significant heat loss from the coolant. A cooler in the combined system may increase in capacity or be augmented in number to move between purifying cooling and major heat removal from the coolant, potentially as an emergency cooler. The cooler may be joined to the hotter and colder sections through valved flow paths depending on desired functionality. Sections of the coolant loops may be fully above the cooler, which may be above the reactor, to drive flow by gravity and enhance isolation of sections of the coolant loop.

The disclosed technology includes a controller configured to control an output of one or more boilers to reduce temperature overshoot of the boiler system. The controller can receive temperature data, a threshold temperature value, and a maximum temperature value, and determine whether the temperature of the water in the boiler system is greater than or equal to a threshold temperature. The controller can also determine a number of operating boilers that were operating when the threshold temperature was reached and determine a temperature increment value based on the threshold temperature, the maximum temperature, and the number of operating boilers. The controller can output a control signal to a boiler to reduce an output of the boiler based on the temperature increment value and the temperature data to reduce overshoot of the boiler system.