A PCCS condenser may include a first and a second stage condenser. Each of the first and second stage condensers may include channels in fluid communication between an inlet and an outlet header. The inlet header of the first stage condenser may be configured to receive a fluid mixture through a first inlet opening. The channels may be configured to condense water from the fluid mixture flowing through the channels from the inlet header to the outlet header, respectively, of the first and second stage condenser. The PCCS condenser may include a catalyst in at least one of the outlet header of the first stage condenser or the inlet header of the second stage condenser. The catalyst may catalyze a reaction for forming water from hydrogen and oxygen in the fluid mixture. The outlet header of the second stage condenser may be in fluid communication with a combined vent-and-drain line.

A apparatus may extract temperature for each region of a feed water and steam system of a thermoelectric power plant with respect to a combustible combination including one or more combustibles, extract one or more vectors for each region from the temperatures extracted for each region, generate one or more combustible clusters, each cluster including one or more combustible combinations having similar properties from the extracted vectors, and extract a characteristic component of a combustible combination that increases or decreases a boiler performance index from among one or more combustible combinations included in the one or more combustible clusters.

A apparatus may extract temperature for each region of a feed water and steam system of a thermoelectric power plant with respect to a combustible combination including one or more combustibles, extract one or more vectors for each region from the temperatures extracted for each region, generate one or more combustible clusters, each cluster including one or more combustible combinations having similar properties from the extracted vectors, and extract a characteristic component of a combustible combination that increases or decreases a boiler performance index from among one or more combustible combinations included in the one or more combustible clusters.

An arrangement having multiple heat exchangers and a method for evaporating a working fluid by transferring heat from a heat source medium is described herein. The arrangement is used in connection with a system for recovering energy from waste heat in a thermodynamic cycle, in which the waste heat is used as the heat source medium. Each heat exchanger has a heat source medium through-passage separated from a working fluid chamber are serially interconnected in a ring arrangement. A supply line is provided between the heat source medium through-passages of any two serially consecutive heat exchangers in the ring arrangement, which can be connected selectively to the inlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger. Further, a discharge line for the heat source medium is provided, which can be connected selectively to the outlet of the heat source medium through-passage of each heat exchanger.

A boiler facility includes a boiler having a combustion chamber in which a burner is installed, a fuel pipe for supplying fuel to the burner, an air duct for supplying air sucked by a blower to the boiler, an oxygen supplier having an oxygen pipe connected to the air duct and a flow rate controller provided in the oxygen pipe, and a control unit. The control unit sets an air amount that is smaller than the reference air amount for burning the fuel, and controls the blower so that the set air amount is supplied to the boiler. Further, the control unit sets an oxygen amount for fuel combustion, and controls the flow rate controller so that the set oxygen amount is supplied to the air duct.

A boiler facility includes a boiler having a combustion chamber in which a burner is installed, a fuel pipe for supplying fuel to the burner, an air duct for supplying air sucked by a blower to the boiler, an oxygen supplier having an oxygen pipe connected to the air duct and a flow rate controller provided in the oxygen pipe, and a control unit. The control unit sets an air amount that is smaller than the reference air amount for burning the fuel, and controls the blower so that the set air amount is supplied to the boiler. Further, the control unit sets an oxygen amount for fuel combustion, and controls the flow rate controller so that the set oxygen amount is supplied to the air duct.

A risk assessment device includes a diagnosis result storage unit that accumulatively stores diagnosis results of a plurality of diagnoses regarding each process device in association with installation sites of the process devices, a calculation model storage unit that stores a calculation model for calculating a probability of malfunction of a process device, a malfunction ratio calculation unit that calculates, based on diagnosis results regarding process devices that are and have been provided at a target installation site, a malfunction ratio that is a ratio of process devices that had malfunctioned by the time a reference period had elapsed from when the process devices were installed at the target installation site, a malfunction probability calculation unit that calculates, based on the calculation model, a probability of malfunction that is a probability that a process device provided at the target installation site will malfunction within the reference period, and a risk index value calculation unit that calculates a risk index value of a process device provided at the target installation site, through comparison between the calculated malfunction ratio and the calculated probability of malfunction.

An aerosol-generating article may comprise a liquid storage portion containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, and a hydrochromic material provided on the liquid storage portion. The hydrochromic material has a first colour when in the presence of or when in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate and a second colour when in the absence of or when not in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate. An aerosol-generating system may comprise the aerosol-generating article, an aerosol-generating element, and an aerosol-generating device. An aerosol-generating device may comprise an electrical power supply, an electronic photosensor, and a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply based on a value of an optical property sensed with the electronic photosensor.

A shell-and-tube apparatus (1), suitable for use as a waste heat boiler, comprising a vessel with an exchanging section (2) and a separating section (3), wherein: said exchanging section (2) contains a bundle of U-tubes (4) fed with an evaporable liquid medium such as water (W) and exposed to a hot gas (G) flowing in a hot chamber around said tubes, so that said medium is partially evaporated in the tubes while recovering heat from hot gas flowing in the hot chamber (7); said separating section (3) comprises a collection chamber (16) in communication with outlet of the tubes (4) to receive the partially evaporated medium leaving the tubes; said separating section (3) is arranged to provide separation of vapour fraction and liquid fraction from the partially evaporated medium at least partially by gravity; the apparatus also comprises means for controlling the liquid level in the collection chamber and for a partial recycle of the non-evaporated liquid.

Systems and methods for selectively producing steam from solar collectors and heaters, for processes including enhanced oil recovery, are disclosed herein. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a water source, a solar collector that includes a collector inlet, a collector outlet, and a plurality of solar concentrators positioned to heat water passing from the collector inlet to the collector outlet, a fuel-fired heater, a steam outlet connected to an oil field injection well, and a water flow network coupled among the water source, the solar collector, the heater, and the steam outlet. The system can further include a controller operatively coupled to the water flow network and programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct at least one portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a first sequence, and direct the at least one portion or a different portion of the flow through the solar collector and the fuel-fired heater in a second sequence different than the first sequence.