A system configured to generate heat when supplied with a first fuel or a second fuel can include a fuel supply line operatively connected to a fuel source. A valve assembly can be operatively connected to the fuel supply line. A main burner can be operatively connected to the valve assembly. A thermoelectric generating system can be configured to transform heat to electricity. A first pilot burner can include at least one of a first thermocouple and a first Fe-ion sensor. A second pilot burner can include at least one of a second thermocouple and a second Fe-ion sensor. A printed circuit board (PCB) can be operatively connected to the valve assembly and the first and second pilot burners. The PCB can be configured to control operation of the valve assembly based on information received from at least one of the first and second pilot burners.

A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.

A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.

The present disclosure generally relates to the introduction of a liquid biomass in heating systems such as commercial boilers in order to reduce dependence on petroleum-based heating fuel oils as a source of combustion fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses utilizing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into commercial and industrial boiler or thermal systems such as boilers, furnaces, and kilns, and methods for generating renewable identification numbers (RINs), alternative energy credits (AECs) and renewable energy credits (RECs).

The present disclosure generally relates to the introduction of a liquid biomass in heating systems such as commercial boilers in order to reduce dependence on petroleum-based heating fuel oils as a source of combustion fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses utilizing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into commercial and industrial boiler or thermal systems such as boilers, furnaces, and kilns, and methods for generating renewable identification numbers (RINs), alternative energy credits (AECs) and renewable energy credits (RECs).

A method and apparatus for heating a furnace using a burner system having first and second burner assemblies, each including a burner and a regenerative media bed, the method including operating the first burner assembly in a firing mode and the second burner assembly in a regeneration mode, switching the first burner assembly from the firing mode to the regeneration mode and the second burner assembly from the regeneration mode to the firing mode, and operating the second burner assembly in the firing mode and the first burner assembly in the regeneration mode. The burner assembly in the firing mode may be fired in either a first operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated low calorific fuel and the burner is supplied with oxidizing gas or a second operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated oxidizing gas and the burner is supplied with high calorific fuel.

A method and apparatus for heating a furnace using a burner system having first and second burner assemblies, each including a burner and a regenerative media bed, the method including operating the first burner assembly in a firing mode and the second burner assembly in a regeneration mode, switching the first burner assembly from the firing mode to the regeneration mode and the second burner assembly from the regeneration mode to the firing mode, and operating the second burner assembly in the firing mode and the first burner assembly in the regeneration mode. The burner assembly in the firing mode may be fired in either a first operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated low calorific fuel and the burner is supplied with oxidizing gas or a second operating mode where the burner is supplied with preheated oxidizing gas and the burner is supplied with high calorific fuel.

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.

The invention concerns a pulverized solid fuel, in particular coal, nozzle (10) comprising an inlet opening (12) for receiving a stream of coal/air mixture (16) and an outlet opening (14) for discharging said stream (16) into a burner. The inlet opening (12) and the outlet opening (14) are fluidically connected by a flow section (18), and a flow cross section (20) of the flow section (18) varies along a flow direction (22) of the stream of coal/air mixture (16). The flow section (18) comprises a flow constriction (24) with a, preferentially globally, minimal flow cross section (26). The flow constriction (24) is fluidically located between the inlet opening (12) and the outlet opening (14) and the flow section (18) has a flow cross section (20) that, in particular continuously, increases from the flow constriction (24) to the outlet opening (14).