Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

An oxygen fired fluidized bed combustor system (Oxy-FBC) is provided. The system provides means of producing a nearly pure stream of carbon dioxide for storage at high efficiency by controlling the oxygen content within certain regions of the combustor to control the rate of heat release allowing efficient transfer of heat from the combustor to the boiler tubes while avoiding excessively high temperatures that will cause ash melting, and simultaneously remove sulphur from the combustor via sorbents such as limestone and dolomite. The present invention utilizes a coarse oxygen carrier bed material to distribute heat and oxygen throughout an Oxy-FBC, while injecting fine sulphur sorbent that will continuously be removed from the bed.

The invention relates to abed management cycle for a fluidized bed boiler, comprising the steps of: a) providing fresh ilmenite particles as bed material to the fluidized bed boiler; b) carrying out a fluidized bed combustion process; c) removing at least one ash stream comprising ilmenite particles from the fluidized bed boiler; d) separating ilmenite particles from the at least one ash stream; e) recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler. The invention also relates to a corresponding arrangement for carrying out fluidized bed combustion, comprising a fluidized bed boiler comprising ilmenite particles as bed material; and a system for removing ash from the fluidized bed boiler; wherein the arrangement further comprises a separator for separating ilmenite particles from the re-moved ash; and means for recirculating separated ilmenite particles into the bed of the fluidized bed boiler.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for chemical looping combustion CLC of a solid hydrocarbon feed wherein it is proposed to inject the solid hydrocarbon feed so as to limit any occurrence of sticking of the feed to the walls of the injection device. The solid feed is fed into a conveying zone operating under fluidized bed conditions and opening into a combustion reactor. A fluidization gas is injected into this conveying zone while controlling the flow of gas in such a way that the superficial velocity of the gas in the conveying zone is higher than the terminal velocity of the solid hydrocarbon feed particles and the terminal velocity of solid particles present in the combustion reactor, and while controlling the fluidization gas temperature in such a way that the temperature in the conveying zone is less than or equal to 500 C.

A flue gas combustion apparatus for processing uncombusted flue gas components utilizing a reactor body. The reactor body houses first and second spiral passageways for motivating flue gas and ambient air, respectively, in a counter-current pattern. Heated ambient air feeds the flue gas in the reactor.

The present invention demonstrates a solid fuel grade gasification-combustion dual bed poly-generation system, comprising a combustion system, a gasification system, a synthesized gas cooling and purifying system and a synthesized gas methanation system. The combustion system is connected with the gasification system through a circulating material return system. The gasification system mainly adapts the circulating fluidized-bed combustion mode. The gasification system adapts the fluidized-bed incomplete gasification method and the generated semi-coke is returned to the combustion system for re-utilization. The synthesized gas purifying and cooling unit adapts water cycling and combustible recycling. The by-products, CO.sub.2 and steam, in the methanation unit can be recovered, so the maximum utilization rate of energy in this system is realized.

An oxygen carrier (OC) for use in Chemical Looping technology with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) for the combustion of carbonaceous fuels, in which commercial grade metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, and Co oxides and mixtures thereof constitute a primary oxygen carrier component. The oxygen carrier contains, at least, a secondary oxygen carrier component which is comprised by low-value industrial materials which already contain metal oxides selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mn, Co, Fe, Ni oxides or mixtures thereof. The secondary oxygen carrier component has a minimum oxygen carrying capacity of 1 g of O.sub.2 per 100 g material in chemical looping reactions. Methods for the manufacture of the OC are also disclosed.

Systems and methods for generating electrical power combine pressurized fluidized bed combustors (PFBC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) to provide a low cost solution for electricity generation with CO.sub.2 capture. A solid fuel is introduced fuel into a pressurized fluidized bed combustor to produce steam, a first quantity of electrical power, and a flue gas including CO.sub.2. Air, natural gas, at least a portion of the steam and at least a portion of the flue gas including CO.sub.2 are introduced to a molten carbonate fuel cell to produce a second quantity of electrical power and an output stream comprising primarily CO.sub.2. The pressurized fluidized bed combustor can desirably be air-fired and the solid fuel introduced there into can desirably be in a finely pulverized form.

Methods and devices for combusting a carbonaceous fuel in an oxy-combustion fluidized bed reactor involving controlling the local oxygen content within the oxy-combustion reactor to specified levels. The carbonaceous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor and eluted through a fluidized bed of an inert material, dolomite or a combination thereof to combust the fuel and oxygen to produce at least CO.sub.2 and steam. The oxygen-containing gas is a mixture of oxygen, recycled CO.sub.2 and steam and has sufficient oxygen added to the recycled CO.sub.2 and steam that the mixture contains 7-20 mole % oxygen. The carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the fluidized bed at a location in sufficiently close proximity to each other to avoid producing a reducing atmosphere at the location. At least a portion of the produced CO.sub.2 and steam are recycled to the reactor.

Methods and devices for combusting a carbonaceous fuel in an oxy-combustion fluidized bed reactor involving controlling the local oxygen content within the oxy-combustion reactor to specified levels. The carbonaceous fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor and eluted through a fluidized bed of an inert material, dolomite or a combination thereof to combust the fuel and oxygen to produce at least CO.sub.2 and steam. The oxygen-containing gas is a mixture of oxygen, recycled CO.sub.2 and steam and has sufficient oxygen added to the recycled CO.sub.2 and steam that the mixture contains 7-20 mole % oxygen. The carbonaceous fuel and the oxygen-containing gas are introduced into the fluidized bed at a location in sufficiently close proximity to each other to avoid producing a reducing atmosphere at the location. At least a portion of the produced CO.sub.2 and steam are recycled to the reactor.