The location and morphology of an electrostatically manipulated flame can be controlled through the action of an electrostatic field on the flame, virtually independently of overall mixture composition and imposed strain rate. An electrostatically controlled burner can manipulate a position of a flame between an oxidizer source and a fuel source by way of one or more electrodes configured to produce an electrostatic field proximate to one of the fuel source and the oxidizer source.

Embodiments provide a combustion structure that can achieve stable combustion by addressing the aforementioned drawbacks in the prior art such as low flame stability, backfire, deflagration, blockage and/or any other drawbacks. The combustion chamber structure in accordance with the disclosure can include: a grate structure including a first set of elongated components, a fire retention structure including a second set of elongated components. The first set of first elongated components can be arranged along an axial direction within the combustion chamber structure. The second set of elongated components can be arranged along the axial direction in a same direction as the first elongated components. The second set of elongated components can be configured to generate a negative pressure zone within the combustion chamber. The first set of elongated components can form apertures that can be aligned with apertures formed by the second set of elongated components.

A burner characterized by being equipped with: a fuel supply nozzle to which a mixed flow of a solid fuel and a solid fuel transport gas is supplied; a flow passage that is arranged on the outside of the fuel supply nozzle and that supplies combustion air separated from the mixed flow; and ammonia supply nozzles which are capable of supplying ammonia on the downstream side of the outlet of the fuel supply nozzle toward a reduction region in which oxygen in the transport gas has been consumed due to ignition of the fuel and the progress of combustion, resulting in a low oxygen concentration. Thus, it is possible to provide a burner capable of burning a mixture of a solid fuel and ammonia, and a combustion device equipped with this burner.

A system for controlling flame instability. The system may include a nozzle coupled to a fuel supply line, an insulation housing coupled to the nozzle, a combustor coupled to the nozzle via the insulation housing, where the combustor is grounded, a pressure sensor coupled to the combustor and configured to detect pressure in the combustor, and an instability controlling assembly coupled to the pressure sensor and to an alternating current power supply. The instability controlling assembly can control flame instability of a flame in the system based on pressure detected by the pressure sensor by applying a voltage from the alternating current power supply to the system to create an electric field.

Various configurations of a power plant are described. The power plant is configured to supply power to a receiving electrical grid by the combustion of metal powder. The power plant is also configured absorb power by recovering the metal powder from the metal oxide produced by the combustion of the metal powder, with electricity from a source electrical grid.

A device for mass spectroscopy comprising a chamber configured to provide an atomization source, a boost device configured to provide radio frequency energy to the chamber, and a mass analyzer in fluid communication with the chamber and configured to separate species based on mass-to-charge ratios is disclosed. In certain examples, a boost device may be used with a flame or plasma to provide additional energy to a flame or plasma to enhance desolvation, atomization, and/or ionization.

A method and apparatus for removing pollutants from organic solid waste by pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping combustion are provided. The apparatus includes: an air reactor, a fuel reactor, and a pyrolysis gasifier. The pyrolysis gasifier is sleeved outside the fuel reactor, and the air reactor is connected with the fuel reactor. A top end of the air reactor is connected with a top delivery pipe; the top delivery pipe is connected with a first cyclone separator; and the first cyclone separator is connected with an oxygen carrier refeeder provided at a top end of the fuel reactor. The apparatus forms a two-stage reaction unit of pyrolysis and chemical looping combustion by decoupling the pyrolysis process from the chemical looping combustion, which avoids the contact between the complex ash of organic solid waste and the oxygen carrier, thereby improving the service life of the oxygen carrier.

A method and apparatus for removing pollutants from organic solid waste by pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping combustion are provided. The apparatus includes: an air reactor, a fuel reactor, and a pyrolysis gasifier. The pyrolysis gasifier is sleeved outside the fuel reactor, and the air reactor is connected with the fuel reactor. A top end of the air reactor is connected with a top delivery pipe; the top delivery pipe is connected with a first cyclone separator; and the first cyclone separator is connected with an oxygen carrier refeeder provided at a top end of the fuel reactor. The apparatus forms a two-stage reaction unit of pyrolysis and chemical looping combustion by decoupling the pyrolysis process from the chemical looping combustion, which avoids the contact between the complex ash of organic solid waste and the oxygen carrier, thereby improving the service life of the oxygen carrier.

A combustion system is capable of using a petroleum pitch fuel, and is provided with a burner having a fuel supply pipe where a flame stabilizing plate is formed in a tip end of the same, and a high temperature maintaining unit for maintaining an atmosphere temperature at a vicinity of the flame stabilizing plate during operation higher than a softening point of the petroleum pitch fuel. Thus, even when the petroleum pitch is used as fuel, the burner does not become unusable due to adhesion/solidification of the petroleum pitch inside the burner and combustion operation can be continued for a long time.

The present invention provides a burner, a combustor equipped with the burner, and a gas turbine, with which it is possible to premix a first hydrocarbon-based fuel (for example, natural gas), a second fuel (for example, hydrogen gas), and combustion air, and to spray into the combustion chamber of the combustor a thin and uniform concentration distribution of the premixed air, and with which it is possible to suppress the amount of NOx discharged. On the upstream side of the premix flow path, hydrogen gas is sprayed from second fuel spray nozzles, which project into the premix flow path, into the flow of the combustion air flowing toward the center from the outer edge of an outer cylinder, whereby a primary air-fuel mixture having a uniform concentration distribution is generated without affecting a low-speed region of the combustion air. Natural gas is then sprayed from first fuel spray nozzles into the primary air-fuel mixture, whereby the natural gas, which has a high specific gravity, and the primary air-fuel mixture are adequately mixed in a stirring fashion, and a secondary air-fuel mixture (premixed air) is generated that is lean and has a more uniform concentration distribution than the first air-fuel mixture. By combusting this type of premixed air in the combustion chamber, NOx in the combustion exhaust gas can be suppressed.