A spark ignited, gas fueled pilot assembly compromising a bracket and a metal gas tube extending through the bracket and having an outlet end. The gas tube is surrounded by a ceramic jacket which is of such a length as to extend beyond the outlet end of the gas tube by approximately 0.03″ such that the gas tube outlet is recessed into the ceramic jacket. The assembly further comprises a pair of ignitor electrodes carried by the bracket and arranged and located relative to the recessed gas supply tube to ignite fuel emanating therefrom.

A gas cooking assembly comprises: (a) a base part (10) comprising: (a1) a burner body (14) for installation in a cooktop surface (16); (a2) a gas outlet (20) in the burner body (14); and (a3) an ignition source (22) in the burner body (14); and (b) an upper part (12) comprising: (b1) at least one foot (36) for supporting the upper part (12) on the cooktop surface (16); (b2) a grate (26) for supporting a cooking vessel; (b3) an annular flame spreader (28); and (b4) a gas inlet (46) at the bottom side of the flame spreader (28); wherein the upper part (12) is an integral unit that is removable from the base part (10), wherein when the upper part (12) is connected to the base part (10), the gas inlet (46) of the upper part (12) connects to the gas outlet (20) of the base part (10).

Hot surface igniter assemblies used in cooktops are shown and described. The hot surface igniters include a silicon nitride ceramic body with an embedded, resistive, heat-generating circuit. The igniters are less than 0.04 inches thick, and when energized, they reach surface temperatures in excess of 2000° F. in under 4 seconds to ignite combustible gas such as propane, butane, or natural gas. Examples of cook top burner systems are also provided which allow the igniter to remain on after ignition at a power level that is lower than during ignition but high enough to ignite the cooking gas should a flame out occur. Examples are also provided of burners that ignite on a low flow setting (e.g., simmer) as opposed the high flow settings that are common in cook top industry.

Hot surface igniter assemblies used in cooktops are shown and described. The hot surface igniters include a silicon nitride ceramic body with an embedded, resistive, heat-generating circuit. The igniters are less than 0.04 inches thick, and when energized, they reach surface temperatures in excess of 2000° F. in under 4 seconds to ignite cooking gas such as propane, butane, or natural gas. Examples of cook top burner systems are also provided which allow the igniter to remain on after ignition at a power level that is lower than during ignition but high enough to ignite the cooking gas should a flame out occur. Examples are also provided of burners that ignite on a low flow setting (e.g., simmer) as opposed the high flow settings that are common in cook top industry.

Emissions of NO.sub.X and/or CO are reduced at the stack by systems and methods wherein a primary fuel is thoroughly mixed with a specific range of excess combustion air. The primary fuel-air mixture is then discharged and anchored within a combustion chamber of a burner. Further, the systems and methods provide for dynamically controlling NO.sub.X content in emissions from a furnace by adjusting the flow of primary fuel and of a secondary stage fuel, and in some cases controlling the amount or placement of combustion air into the furnace.

A combustor includes: a housing having an annular shape of which one end side is open and of which the other end side is closed; at least one introduction portion that introduces a fuel and an oxidizing gas into the housing to generate a tubular flow; and an ignition unit that ignites the fuel introduced into the housing. The ignition unit includes a discharge electrode and a ground electrode. A space that the fuel and the oxidizing gas reach is provided between the discharge electrode and the ground electrode.

The invention relates to a partial oxidation reactor (POX reactor) having a warm-up burner for producing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of fluid carbon-containing fuels in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant and to a process for startup of the partial oxidation reactor According to the invention the preheating of the partial oxidation reactor is carried out via a dedicated warm-up burner which is introduced via one of the media channels of the POX burner without any need to deinstall the entire POX burner.

A supercritical hydrothermal combustion device comprises a main enclosure and a top cap. A partition is mounted in the main enclosure and divides the interior of the main enclosure into a main combustion space and a mixing space. The top cap is provided with a primary fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and a secondary fuel inlet. A high-temperature ignition bar sleeve, having a high-temperature ignition bar arranged therein, is disposed in the top cap. A combustion sleeve, having a stable combustion space formed therein, is mounted at a bottom of the top cap, and has a top communicated with the high-temperature ignition bar sleeve and the oxidant inlet, as well as a bottom communicated with the main combustion space. The secondary fuel inlet and a secondary oxidant inlet are communicated with the main combustion space. Supercritical hydrothermal combustion is realized to generate a hybrid thermal fluid or treat organic wastes.

The present subject matter relates to a smoke tube boiler including: a mix chamber, a heat exchanger, a firing rod assembly, a sealing means, and an air-cooled cooling means and a water-cooled cooling means.

Emissions of NO.sub.X and/or CO are reduced at the stack by systems and methods wherein a primary fuel is thoroughly mixed with a specific range of excess combustion air. The primary fuel-air mixture is then discharged and anchored within a combustion chamber of a burner. Further, the systems and methods provide for dynamically controlling NO.sub.X content in emissions from a furnace by adjusting the flow of primary fuel and of a secondary stage fuel, and in some cases controlling the amount or placement of combustion air into the furnace.