A combustion-support-gas bypass line is provided to cause combustion support gas to bypass a preheater. A combustion-support-gas flow control damper is provided in the combustion-support-gas bypass line. An inlet temperature of a deduster is measured by a temperature sensor and the inlet temperature measured by the temperature sensor is inputted to a controller and is compared with a set temperature more than an acid dew-point preliminarily set in the controller. On the basis of a comparison result, an opening-degree control signal is outputted from the controller to the combustion-support-gas flow control damper so as to make the inlet temperature to a set temperature more than an acid dew-point.

Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixture of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O.sub.2.

Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixture of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O.sub.2.

A process for combusting a high-moisture fuel to generate steam in which the high-moisture solid fuel is first dried by contacting with an oxygen-depleted gas stream while being heated by indirect heat exchange with a recirculating thermal fluid. The dried fuel is then combusted with a combustion air stream to produce a combustion products stream whose heat first is used to generate steam, and then to preheat the combustion air stream by indirect heat exchange in which a portion of the combustion air stream and/or a portion of the combustion products stream bypasses the heat exchanger. The combustion products stream also provides heat to dry the solid fuel via the recirculating thermal fluid.

The invention relates to a burner, particularly Low-NO.sub.X-burner, for generating a flame by combustion of a fuel, comprising: a tile (15, 15a, 15b) surrounding an opening (2, 2a, 2b) of the tile (15, 15a, 15b) extending along a burner axis (12), the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprising a front side (20) and a rear side (21) facing away from the front side (20), wherein the rear side (21) comprises an air inlet (10, 10a, 10b) connected to said opening for feeding air (A, A′, A″) into said opening (2, 2a, 2b), and wherein said front side (20) comprises a discharge outlet (9, 9a, 9b) connected to said opening (2, 2a, 2b) for discharging a flame (30) generated by the burner (1) into a surrounding area (S), and wherein the tile (15, 15a, 15b) further comprises an inside (22) facing said opening (2, 2a, 2b) as well as an outside (23) facing away from said opening (2, 2a, 2b). According to the invention the burner (1) further comprises at least one oxygen lance (5) extending along the burner axis (12) in a first recess (17) of said tile (15, 15a, 15b), the at least one oxygen lance (5) having an ejection nozzle (6) at an end region of the at least one oxygen lance (5) for ejecting oxygen (O), particularly such that the oxygen (O) is at first ejected into a colder flue gas region (31) surrounding the relatively hotter flame (30) generated by the burner (1). Further, the invention relates to a method for generating a flame (30).

A process for operating a heater that can be operated with hydrocarbon fuel, especially for a vehicle includes providing a substoichiometric air/fuel mixture in a precombustion chamber (18) for a combustion operation and performing a cold flame combustion in the precombustion chamber (18). The precombustion products forming in the precombustion chamber (18) during the cold flame combustion are supplied to a catalyst arrangement (32) and a partial catalytic oxidation is performed for producing a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The gas produced during the partial catalytic oxidation is supplied to a main combustion chamber (34) for producing a hydrogen/carbon monoxide/air mixture. The hydrogen/carbon monoxide/air mixture is burned in the main combustion chamber (34).

A combustor having an ion transport membrane therein and an adjustable swirler, which is mechanically connected at an inlet of a combustion zone of the combustor; a combustion system comprising the combustor, a feedback control system adapted to adjust swirler blades of the combustor based on a compositional variation of a fuel stream, and a plurality of feedback control systems to control operational variables within the combustor for an efficient oxy-combustion; and a process for combusting a fuel stream via the combustion system. Various embodiments of the combustor, the combustion system, and the process for combusting the fuel stream are disclosed.

A fuel burner system (10) configured to inject a liquid fuel and a gas fuel into a combustor (12) of a turbine engine (14) such that the engine (14) may operate on the combustion of both fuel sources (20, 24) is disclosed. The fuel burner system (10) may be formed from a nozzle cap (16) including one or more first fuel injection ports (18) in fluid communication with a first fuel source (20) of syngas and one or more second fuel injection ports (22) in fluid communication with a second fuel source (24) of natural gas. The fuel burner system (10) may also include an oil lance (26) with one or more oil injection passages (28) that is in fluid communication with at least one oil source (30) and is configured to emit oil into the combustor (12). The oil lance (26) may include one or more fluid injection passages (32) configured to emit air to break up the oil spray and water to cool the combustor (12), or both.

The specification and drawings present a new apparatus and method for continuously providing an oxygen-enriched gas/air using a relative motion of selected surface(s) of an apparatus (such as fossil-fueled combustion device/vehicle) relative to an atmospheric air with a speed exceeding a threshold value for, e.g., improving combustion, exhaust and related properties of the apparatus. An oxygen-enriched gas/air layer can be formed along/near each aforementioned surface from the atmospheric air due to pushing the atmospheric air along the surface(s) during that relative motion and collected by corresponding collector gate(s) located inside the apparatus near/adjacent to the corresponding surface. The apparatus can be an object (e.g., a vehicle) moving through the atmospheric air with a relative speed exceeding the threshold value. Alternatively, the apparatus can be a stationary object (e.g., a power generator) while the atmospheric air, having a desired speed exceeding the threshold value, is moved/blown toward the stationary object.

A method and system are disclosed for safe, efficient, economically productive, environmentally responsible, extraction and utilization of dissolved gases in deep waters of a rare type of “exploding” lake, where methane (CH.sub.4) is accompanied by abundant CO.sub.2. CH.sub.4 is combusted to generate electricity. CO.sub.2 usually is considered a contaminant requiring removal to avoid power loss. Cleaning high CO.sub.2 levels from CH.sub.4, however, is costly and causes CH.sub.4 loss. Venting CO.sub.2 is environmentally undesirable. Or, if CO.sub.2 is disposed in water flow returned to the deep lake, danger persists. CO.sub.2 and CH.sub.4 are degassed efficiently together and input into oxy-fuel combustion. Three process outputs are: degassed nutrients-rich water flow, power and CO.sub.2+H.sub.2O exhaust, all usable for industrially productive purposes. Extracting and using both gases together in an integrated method advances safety, economic productivity and environmental stewardship. Previously, it has not been possible to accomplish these ends together. The invention provides a hyper-efficient way.