Boiler systems and associated control systems, methods for operating same, are described herein. In one example embodiment, a boiler system includes a furnace, an exhaust passage, an air passage, a FGR passage, a flue gas valve that is adjustable by way of a first actuator, a NO.sub.X gas sensor, an oxygen gas sensor, and an additional valve that is adjustable by way of a second actuator. Further, the boiler system includes at least one processing device coupled to the NO.sub.X gas sensor, the oxygen gas sensor, the first actuator and the second actuator. The at least one processing device is configured to generate control signals that are provided to the first actuator and second actuator, and also configured to generate correction factors by way of a calibration process and to utilize one or more of the correction factors in determining one or more of the control signals.

The invention relates to a controlled combustion system for the simultaneous analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of combustion and total polluting emissions in solids with combustible potential, including: a pre-chamber, a combustion chamber, a heat transfer unit which includes a connection for a device that analyses combustion gases to determine the performance of combustion and burning, and a unit for storing the combustion emissions, which comprises a container for storing the sample and a means of collecting samples for the simultaneous collection of gases and particulate matter for analyzing the combustion emissions.

The invention relates to a controlled combustion system for the simultaneous analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency of combustion and total polluting emissions in solids with combustible potential, including: a pre-chamber, a combustion chamber, a heat transfer unit which includes a connection for a device that analyses combustion gases to determine the performance of combustion and burning, and a unit for storing the combustion emissions, which comprises a container for storing the sample and a means of collecting samples for the simultaneous collection of gases and particulate matter for analyzing the combustion emissions.

A power generation system includes: a combustor operative to combust a fuel; a power generator operative to utilize energy obtained from the combustor when generating electric power; a fuel supplier operative to supply the fuel to the combustor; an air supplier operative to supply combustion air to the combustor; a discharged gas passage through which a discharged gas from the combustor flows; a CO detector operative to detect CO in the discharged gas; a temperature detector operative to detect a temperature of the discharged gas; and control circuitry operative to, when the discharged gas is flowing through the discharged gas passage, perform at least one of an operation of detecting a structural abnormality of the discharged gas passage based on a difference between detected temperatures of the temperature detector relative to a difference between heated amounts of the discharged gas heated by a heater and an operation of detecting the structural abnormality of the discharged gas passage based on the difference between the detected temperatures of the temperature detector relative to a difference between outputs of at least one of the fuel supplier and the air supplier.

A water heater includes a water tank having an inlet and an outlet, and a flue extending through the tank. A nozzle is positioned near a first end of the flue, arranged so as to emit a fuel stream into the flue, and a flame holder is located within the flue in a position to receive the fuel stream and to hold a flame entirely within the flue. A controller variably controls a flow of fuel to the nozzle according to a temperature of water in the tank.

A combustion-support-gas bypass line is provided to cause combustion support gas to bypass a preheater. A combustion-support-gas flow control damper is provided in the combustion-support-gas bypass line. An inlet temperature of a deduster is measured by a temperature sensor and the inlet temperature measured by the temperature sensor is inputted to a controller and is compared with a set temperature more than an acid dew-point preliminarily set in the controller. On the basis of a comparison result, an opening-degree control signal is outputted from the controller to the combustion-support-gas flow control damper so as to make the inlet temperature to a set temperature more than an acid dew-point.

A combustion-support-gas bypass line is provided to cause combustion support gas to bypass a preheater. A combustion-support-gas flow control damper is provided in the combustion-support-gas bypass line. An inlet temperature of a deduster is measured by a temperature sensor and the inlet temperature measured by the temperature sensor is inputted to a controller and is compared with a set temperature more than an acid dew-point preliminarily set in the controller. On the basis of a comparison result, an opening-degree control signal is outputted from the controller to the combustion-support-gas flow control damper so as to make the inlet temperature to a set temperature more than an acid dew-point.

A multijet burner system includes a plurality of fuel nozzles, each configured to support a respective flame, a plurality of charge electrodes, each positioned and configured to apply a charge potential to a fluid flow corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of fuel nozzles, and a charge controller operatively coupled to each of the plurality of charge electrodes and configured to control a voltage potential applied to each respective charge electrode. By selecting the magnitude and polarity of a charge potential applied to individual ones of the flames of the plurality of burners, the flames can be made to change positions, move to selected positions, and redistribute themselves within a volume.

A multijet burner system includes a plurality of fuel nozzles, each configured to support a respective flame, a plurality of charge electrodes, each positioned and configured to apply a charge potential to a fluid flow corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of fuel nozzles, and a charge controller operatively coupled to each of the plurality of charge electrodes and configured to control a voltage potential applied to each respective charge electrode. By selecting the magnitude and polarity of a charge potential applied to individual ones of the flames of the plurality of burners, the flames can be made to change positions, move to selected positions, and redistribute themselves within a volume.

A heating system can include certain pressure sensitive features. These features can be configured to change from a first position to a second position based on a pressure of a fuel flowing into the feature. These features can include, fuel selector valves, pressure regulators, burner nozzles, and oxygen depletion sensor nozzles, among other features.