A system for controlling or optimizing the performance of a vapor compression system by modifying the actuator commands via an output interface, that realizes thermofluid property functions and their derivatives as spline functions which are represented in a coordinate system that is aligned with a fluid saturation curve. The system includes an interface configured to receive measurement data from sensors, a memory configured to store thermofluid property data and computer-executable programs including a B-spline method, and a processor for performing the computer-implemented method. The processor is configured to take as input two thermofluid property variables, and compute a coordinate transformation in which one axis of the coordinates is aligned with the liquid and vapor saturation curves. In the saturation-curve aligned coordinates, a spline function represents the thermofluid property function, with coefficients and knots stored in memory. The spline function is constructed in a manner such that derivatives of the thermofluid property function may be discontinuous across the saturation curve.

A system for controlling or optimizing the performance of a vapor compression system by modifying the actuator commands via an output interface, that realizes thermofluid property functions and their derivatives as spline functions which are represented in a coordinate system that is aligned with a fluid saturation curve. The system includes an interface configured to receive measurement data from sensors, a memory configured to store thermofluid property data and computer-executable programs including a B-spline method, and a processor for performing the computer-implemented method. The processor is configured to take as input two thermofluid property variables, and compute a coordinate transformation in which one axis of the coordinates is aligned with the liquid and vapor saturation curves. In the saturation-curve aligned coordinates, a spline function represents the thermofluid property function, with coefficients and knots stored in memory. The spline function is constructed in a manner such that derivatives of the thermofluid property function may be discontinuous across the saturation curve.

A method for cooling a mold used in the production of plastic parts is described. A capillary feeds liquid carbon dioxide to a channel present in the mold typically used in making plastic parts having thin gaps or thin open sections in the plastic part. The channel will be approximately the same size as the inner diameter of the capillary but will increase in size either stepwise or progressively as it passes through the mold, particularly at the location where cooling is desired therefore providing more effective cooling to the mold and slides and lifters present therein.

Thermal management techniques include: transporting a refrigerant fluid from a receiver to an inlet of a flash tank that has a vapor-side outlet and liquid-side outlet such that a liquid phase of the refrigerant fluid moves to a bottom of the flash tank and outputs from the liquid-side outlet; forming a solid-vapor state from the liquid phase by expanding the liquid phase with an expansion valve to a first pressure that is less than a triple point pressure to form a solid-vapor mixture of the refrigerant fluid; extracting heat from a heat load with an evaporator that receives the solid-vapor mixture of the refrigerant fluid and sublimates the solid state of the solid-vapor mixture of the refrigerant fluid directly into a vapor phase of the refrigerant fluid; and discharging, from an exhaust line, the vapor phase to an ambient environment without returning the vapor phase to the receiver.

An injection nozzle for injecting a substance, such as a cryogenic gas or cryogenic liquid, into the interior of a process vessel, or directly into material inside a process vessel, and includes a housing having a first internal chamber for receiving a fluid, and a second internal chamber having an actuator located therein, a valve body having an outlet, a stem positioned within the first internal chamber of the housing and having opposed proximal and distal ends, wherein the stem is reciprocally movable along its longitudinal axis in the housing to open and close the valve body outlet, and a sensor configured to receive a signal from the actuator.

Provided is a control method on electronic expansion valve in air conditioner comprises: obtaining a real-time running frequency of compressor, a real-time exhaust temperature and a real-time outdoor environment temperature as the compressor running; comparing the real-time running frequency of compressor with a first set frequency; if the real-time running frequency is greater than or equal to the first set frequency, obtaining an integral coefficient of the PID algorithm according to a first set rule; if the real-time running frequency is less than the first set frequency, obtaining an integral coefficient of the PID algorithm according to the comparison of the real-time outdoor environment temperature and the first set outdoor environment temperature and a second set rule, or according to the comparison of the real-time outdoor environment temperature and the first set outdoor environment temperature and a third set rule, wherein the selection is based on whether the air conditioner is working in cooling mode or in heating mode; performing a PID control on the electronic expansion valve by an error of the difference between real-time exhaust temperature and a set target exhaust temperature. The method realizes an accurate and stable control on electronic expansion valve opening amount.

The disclosed systems and method for evaluating the integrity of media pads within an adiabatic cooling system includes at least one media compartment containing at least one media coupon that is representative of at least one of the media pads. The system is adapted to be fluidly coupled to a source of representative process water and to provide such water to the at least one media compartment. A source of airflow fluidly is also coupled to the at least one media compartment. The flow of representative process water and airflow to the media coupon within the media compartment simulates the operation of the adiabatic cooling system. The at least one media coupon may then be analyzed as representative of media pads within the adiabatic cooling system.

The disclosed systems and method for evaluating the integrity of media pads within an adiabatic cooling system includes at least one media compartment containing at least one media coupon that is representative of at least one of the media pads. The system is adapted to be fluidly coupled to a source of representative process water and to provide such water to the at least one media compartment. A source of airflow fluidly is also coupled to the at least one media compartment. The flow of representative process water and airflow to the media coupon within the media compartment simulates the operation of the adiabatic cooling system. The at least one media coupon may then be analyzed as representative of media pads within the adiabatic cooling system.

The present disclosure comprises an evaporative cooling assembly (200) for cooling an apparatus (220), and a method for cooling an apparatus (220). The evaporative cooling assembly comprises a refrigerant tank (202), the refrigerant tank (202) containing refrigerant (204). The apparatus also comprises a first evaporator (210) configured to be positioned proximal to the apparatus (220), and a second evaporator (216) positioned to cool the refrigerant tank (202). Each of the first evaporator (210) and the second evaporator (216) are in fluid communication with the refrigerant tank (202), and the second evaporator (216) is positioned downstream of the first evaporator (210). The method for cooling a heated apparatus (220) comprises passing a refrigerant (204) from a refrigerant tank (202) to a first evaporator (210), which is located proximal to the apparatus (220). At least part of the refrigerant is evaporated, and then passed to a second evaporator (216), which is positioned to cool the refrigerant tank (202).

A thermal management system includes a refrigerant receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, an evaporator arrangement that removes heat from a heat load converting a portion of the refrigerant fluid to refrigerant vapor and a liquid separator having an inlet, a liquid side outlet, and a vapor side outlet. The system also includes a pump that pumps refrigerant liquid received from the liquid side outlet of the liquid separator and a closed-circuit refrigeration system having a closed-circuit fluid path that includes the refrigerant receiver, the liquid separator, the pump, and the evaporator arrangement, the closed-circuit refrigeration system further including a compressor and a condenser. The system also including an open-circuit refrigeration system having an open-circuit fluid path that includes the refrigerant receiver, the liquid separator, the pump, and the evaporator arrangement, and further including a back-pressure regulator configured to receive refrigerant vapor from the vapor side outlet of the liquid separator and an exhaust line coupled to the outlet of the back-pressure regulator, with refrigerant vapor from the exhaust line not returning to the refrigerant receiver.