The invention provides a heat transfer system and a method for operating a heat transfer system in which a heat transfer fluid comprising or consisting of a phase change material (PCM) circulates in a cooling circuit. A combined state of phase value of the heat transfer fluid is determined based on information obtained from a sensor system including a temperature sensor and an electrical resistance sensor realized as two separate sensors or as one combined temperature-and-electrical-resistance sensor. The system and method can securely and effectively prevent a possible blocking of the channels of an indoor heat exchanger of the system by solidified PCM and an unwanted deposition of solid PCM (crystals) on heat transfer surfaces of the indoor heat exchanger.

A space which is present between an air intake surface (90a) provided with an air intake port and an air filter (76) is regarded as a primary space (P) through which air flows into the air filter (76), and a plurality of spaces, each of which is present between one of other surfaces of the air filter (76) and a filter box (90), are regarded as secondary spaces (Q) into each of which the air flows out from the air filter (76), so that the air is taken out from side surfaces and an upper surface of a filter unit (75). This configuration reduces the increase in size of the filter unit (75) of a gas supply device (30) even if a dust holding capacity of the filter is made larger than before.

Techniques for operating a transport refrigeration system with an energy storage device include producing a first output and a second output at an energy storage device (ESD), and converting the first output and the second output to a converted first output and a converted second output. The techniques also include supplying the converted first output and the converted second output to components of the transport refrigeration system, and operating the components of the transport refrigeration system using the converted first output and the converted second output.

A temperature-controlled cradle and method of cooling same are provided. The temperature-controlled cradle may include a base having an outer housing and a cooling unit disposed within the outer housing, and a bassinet coupled to the base. The cooling unit may include a cooling plate having a first side configured to chill an interior portion of the bassinet, at least one thermoelectric cooling module coupled to a second side of the cooling plate, and a heat dissipation device configured to dissipate heat from the at least one thermoelectric cooling module.

A portable cooling apparatus or air conditioner is disclosed herein. The apparatus has a case defining an interior volume. The interior volume contains a cooling substance such as cold water or ice, an intake port, and an exit port. A pathway is defined between the intake port and the exit port for air to pass through the case. The pathway may be defined by a pipe. Alternatively the cooling substance may be contained within one or more containers insertable into the case and that define a pathway between the sides of the containers. A fan with a power source is provided to drive air through the case and pathway. The air is cooled by heat transfer with the cooling substance.

A fuel cooling system includes a refrigeration unit configured to circulate a refrigerant, a bypass cooling circuit (132) fluidly coupled to the refrigeration unit, and a power generation system operably coupled to the refrigeration unit. The power generation system includes a fuel tank (34) fluidly coupled to an engine (32), and a fuel cooling circuit (160) is fluidly coupled between the fuel tank and the engine. The fuel cooling circuit is thermally coupled to the bypass cooling circuit and is configured to cool a fuel by thermal exchange with the refrigerant.

Disclosed is a cooling device (1), in particular for a galley of an aeroplane, comprising a cooling compartment (2) formed by inner walls (12, 13, 14, 15) of the cooling device, holding at least one refrigerated goods container (20), in particular a trolley, and further comprising a cooling air feed device (3) for introducing cooled air into the cooling compartment and a hot air discharge device (4) for discharging heated air (98) from the cooling compartment, wherein a primary flow channel is configured in use with the at least one refrigerated goods container (20) in the cooling compartment (2) between the inner walls (12, 13, 14, 15) of the cooling device and outer walls (22, 23, 24, 25) of the at least one refrigerated goods container (20), to guide a cooling air flow along a primary flow direction, deflected a plurality of limes through the arrangement of inner walls, from the cooling air feed device (3) around the at least one refrigerated goods container (20) to the hot air discharge device (4). According to the invention, the cooling air feed device (3) is configured to introduce the cooled air as jets into the primary flow channel along the primary flow direction (x), and in the cooling compartment (2) a secondary flow channel (9) is configured to return, as a secondary flow (9A), a portion (9A) of the cooling air flow guided through the primary flow channel around the at least one refrigerated goods container (20) into the primary flow channel for the purpose of mixing the introduced cooled air and forming a circulation flow (97) around the at least one refrigerated goods container (20) along the primary flow direction (x).

Described is an adsorbent, a vacuum heat insulating material having the same and a refrigerator, which are capable of adsorbing a target material in a reduced pressure environment. A refrigerator includes an outer casing forming an exterior, an inner casing provided inside the outer casing and forming a storage chamber and a vacuum heat insulating material positioned between the outer casing and the inner casing, and including an adsorbent that adsorbs a heat transfer medium. The adsorbent includes a first adsorption component provided to adsorb oxygen, and including a transition metal oxide having an oxygen deficiency structure, and a second adsorption component provided to adsorb moisture.

A system and method for determining a fluid consumption rate from a fluid tank is described. The fluid tank includes a fuel for an internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine provides power to a powered system. The method includes determining instantaneous fluid consumption; determining an operating condition of the powered system, the powered system providing a load on the internal combustion engine; determining the load on the internal combustion engine and a state of the internal combustion engine; and calculating the fluid consumption rate based on the instantaneous fuel consumption, the load on the internal combustion engine, and the state of the internal combustion engine.

An energy storage thermal management system includes an energy storage compartment including a liquid coolant bath portion and a vapor portion. A plurality of energy storage cells are positioned within the energy storage compartment and submerged within the liquid coolant bath. A compressor is in communication with the vapor portion to remove vapor. A condenser is in communication with the compressor and returns liquid coolant to the energy storage compartment.