Processes of forming or repairing a structure for use in high temperature applications may include intermixing a sodium nitrite (NaNO.sub.2) additive with a refractory material; and applying the refractory material to a structure surface.

To improve the stability of spray application of a monolithic refractory in which a water injector is disposed in a material carrier pipe extending from a material supply device to a distal spray nozzle, and application water is injected from the water injector into a spray material that is being carried through the material carrier pipe, a ratio of a flow volume of an application water carrier gas for carrying the application water to be introduced into the water injector to a flow volume of a spray material carrier gas for carrying the spray material is set to 0.07 to 2, and a compressibility index of the spray material is set to 32% or less. Alternatively, a ratio of a flow volume of an application water carrier gas for carrying the application water to be introduced into the water injector to an application water volume is set to 100 to 1,000.

A method and apparatus for protecting a furnace floor of a black liquor recovery boiler, where the furnace floor is covered by a protective layer, the protective layer being formed of a salt mixture including at least two different salts.

A double insulating wall structure heating furnace capable of preventing its inner pipe whose strength has decreased due to high-temperature heating from being damaged. A double insulating wall structure heating furnace 1 includes an outer pipe 2 and an inner pipe 3 disposed inside the outer pipe 2, in which a sealed space 8 formed between the outer and inner pipes 2 and 3 is depressurized and a heating space 13 formed inside the inner pipe 3 is heated, and in which a tubular reinforcing member 6 is disposed so as to cover an outer circumference of the inner pipe 3, the tubular reinforcing member being formed of a material having a higher heat resistance and a higher strength than those of the material of the inner pipe 3.

A coating is formed on a surface of a base material 11 of a furnace, and includes a base layer 12 and a sliding material layer 13 that is formed on a surface of the base layer 12 and contains an oxide ceramic and a compound having a layered crystal structure. The sliding material layer 13 causes the collided ashes to be slipped and facilitates the drop off of the adhered ashes. The base material 11 forms a heat transfer tube or a wall surface of the furnace. The coating is also applied to a coal gasification furnace, a pulverized coal fired boiler, a combustion apparatus, or a reaction apparatus containing a furnace.

The molybdenum crucible includes a cylindrical side wall and a bottom provided integrally with one end of the side wall. The side wall includes a coarse grain region configured to extend from an outer wall toward an inner wall and a fine grain region configured to extend from the inner wall toward the outer wall so as to be in contact with the coarse grain region. The ratio of the coarse grain region in the side wall in the thickness direction thereof is 10% or more and less than 90%. The coarse grain region is defined as such a region in which crystal grains having a grain size of 1 mm or more determined by an intercept method in the height direction of the crucible occupy 95% or more of an area of a measurement region.

A clip for supporting a refractory structure and/or a hanger structure. The clip can have a body with two legs connected to a top. A fastener that extends through the top can be adjusted and/or secured to fix a relative position of the clip with respect to the refractory structure and/or the hanger structure. An adjuster that extends through the top, such as a tab connected to or integrated with the top, can be used to adjust a distance, such as a vertical height, of the clip with respect to adjacent fixed structural members. The adjuster can be used to compensate for a distance change resulting from the refractory structure, the hanger structure, one or more adjacent fixed structural members, and/or any other similar structure, bending, flexing and/or otherwise deforming due to exposure of the components to a relatively high temperature.

A thermal process device for heat treating a product or plurality of products includes a thermal processing chamber having opposed distal ends and at least one controllable heating zone. At least one buffer zone disposed is at each of the distal ends, the buffer zones and at least one heating zone of the thermal processing chamber forming a heating element assembly having an inner and outer surface. At least one layer of insulating material is disposed along the at least one buffer and heating zones of the thermal processing chamber and forming part of the heating element assembly, the at least one layer of insulating material having a controlled efficiency being applied non-uniformly across an axial length of the heating assembly.

A thermal process device for heat treating a product or plurality of products includes a thermal processing chamber having opposed distal ends and at least one controllable heating zone. At least one buffer zone disposed is at each of the distal ends, the buffer zones and at least one heating zone of the thermal processing chamber forming a heating element assembly having an inner and outer surface. At least one layer of insulating material is disposed along the at least one buffer and heating zones of the thermal processing chamber and forming part of the heating element assembly, the at least one layer of insulating material having a controlled efficiency being applied non-uniformly across an axial length of the heating assembly.

A combustor for a gas turbine engine includes a support shell; a first liner panel mounted to the support shell via a multiple of studs, the first liner panel including a first rail that extends from a cold side of the first liner panel such that the rail is non-perpendicular to the cold side and includes a concave surface to at least partially form a curved interface passage; and a second liner panel mounted to the support shell via a multiple of studs, the first liner panel including a second rail that extends from a cold side of the second liner panel and includes a convex surface to at least partially form the curved interface passage.