A metal oxide barrier and a connecting method for solving the problems in which sectors of an existing cold crucible are connected by means of a mica plate and the mica plate is damaged due to arcing and the like and in which the sectors are strongly connected by means of the mica plate and thus are difficult to replace and maintain. A cold crucible, comprising a metal oxide barrier, according to the present invention can prevent arcing, enables reduction of damage on the edge part of a water cooling sector due to a molten material and thus enhances durability. Moreover, the metal oxide barrier can easily be replaced compared to an existing mica plate and thus enables easy maintenance and repair.

A metal oxide barrier and a connecting method for solving the problems in which sectors of an existing cold crucible are connected by means of a mica plate and the mica plate is damaged due to arcing and the like and in which the sectors are strongly connected by means of the mica plate and thus are difficult to replace and maintain. A cold crucible, comprising a metal oxide barrier, according to the present invention can prevent arcing, enables reduction of damage on the edge part of a water cooling sector due to a molten material and thus enhances durability. Moreover, the metal oxide barrier can easily be replaced compared to an existing mica plate and thus enables easy maintenance and repair.

A metallurgical furnace including a vessel with a lower shell for containing a metal bath, the metal bath composed of molten metal and an overlying layer of slag. The lower shell is tiltingly supported and provided with a deslagging opening for evacuating the slag and a tapping opening for tapping the molten metal. The vessel includes an upper shell removably positioned on the lower shell and first and second inlet openings for feeding. The vessel includes a closing roof for the upper closing of the vessel removably positioned on the upper shell and a passage opening for the passage, through the same, of at least one electrode, at least one charge opening for feeding, through the same, charge material in the solid state. At least one of the inlet openings, passage opening, and charge opening is closed or associated with a closing element.

A crucible having a heat treated body. The heat treated body comprises a composition including an oxide material, from 5 wt % to 50 wt % a nitride material, and optionally a sintering aid. A weight ratio of the nitride material to the oxide material ranges from 0.02:1 to 2.0:1. The heat treated body has an oxide material lattice structure with nitride material at least partially encapsulated therein.

A furnace structure includes a roof assembly of at least one layer of refractory material, and a metal plate that covers the at least one layer of refractory material and is configured to dissipate heat from the furnace structure; a plurality of sidewalls fixed to the roof, each of the sidewalls comprising refractory material at an interior surface and a metal wall plate at an outer surface; and a plurality of infrared emitters disposed in an opening in at least one of the refractory material of the sidewalls or the refractory material of the roof.

Household appliances may include partially reflective (e.g., one-way mirror) glass as part of an oven door. The partially reflective glass may transmit light from an interior of the household appliance and may reflect light from outside the household appliance. Accordingly, one can see into the lighted interior but a camera inside the interior cannot see out through the door. In some examples, the household appliance includes a lamp and a camera disposed within the cavity of the appliance. The lamp and the camera are interlocked to protect user privacy by activating the one-way feature of the door glass as needed.

Systems and methods for fabrication of ceramics from celestial materials using microwave sintering and mechanical compression for space mining applications are disclosed. In one aspect, a chamber for sintering loose mineral material into solid ceramic shapes includes a plurality of zirconia insulting plates configured to clamp the mineral material and forming a cavity in which the mineral loose material is contained, and at least one dipole array configured to generate microwave energy and apply the microwave energy to the mineral material.

A cover plate structure for a glass fiber tank furnace forehearth includes chest wall bricks at two sides of the forehearth, cover plate bricks each spanning between a top end of at least one of the chest wall bricks at one of the two sides of the forehearth and a top end of at least one of the chest wall bricks at another one of the two sides of the forehearth, a thermal insulation layer covering outer surfaces of the cover plate bricks and the chest wall bricks, and a gap-covering brick fixed between the cover plate bricks and the thermal insulation layer and covering a gap between adjacent ones of the cover plate bricks.

There is provided a technique capable of shortening a temperature stabilization time in a process chamber by improving a heat insulation performance of a lower portion of the process chamber. A heat insulation structure is arranged in a vicinity of a furnace opening of a heat treatment furnace wherein a temperature gradient is formed at the vicinity of the furnace opening. The heat insulation structure includes a plurality of heat insulation plates with predetermined gaps therebetween. Each heat insulation plate includes a heat shield made of metal; and a seal made of quartz or ceramics and configured to cover a front surface and a rear surface of the heat shield. The heat shield is arranged in a vacuum cavity provided in the seal.

A system for conditioning stucco particulate material includes a vessel having separation chamber in communication with a holding chamber having a holding volume therein. The conditioning system includes the holding volume sufficient to condition the stucco particulate material therein and/or a control system configured to delay discharge of the stucco particulate material from the holding chamber. The system for conditioning stucco particulate material is configured to increase residence time of the stucco particulate material in the holding chamber to promote calcining conditioning therein.